antihypertensive drugs and diuretics .pptx

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). It is common but can be serious if not treated. People with high blood pressure may not feel symptoms. The only way to know is to get your blood pressure checked. this is a short ppt about antihypertensive drugs

1. Antihypertensive drugs PRESENTED BY DR BASITH NP

2. introduction Hypertension generally regarded when either or both systolic or diastolic pressures are persistently raised. On measurement with systolic pressure over 140mmHg and diastolic over 90mmHg.

3. etiology Specific cause of hypertension is estd in 10-15% of population Patient in whom no specific cause of hypertension are said to have essential or primary hypertension Patient with specific etiology is called secondary hypertension

4. Genetic factors, stress, diet and environmental factors as contributing to hypertension Heredity of essential hypertension is 30%

5. stages of hypertension

6. Antihypertensive drugs Agent that reduces high blood pressure is called antihypertensives.

7. Diuretics Standard antihypertensive drugs over the past 4 decades Do not lower BP in normotensives.

8. Classification

9. Thiazides Thiazides and related drugs are widely used for uncomplicated hypertension Chlorothiazides and hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone are the commonly used thiazides for hypertension

10. Have a long duration of action They should be administered in low dose i.e. 12.5mg If the response is not adequate the dose can be increased up to 25mg/day Beyond 25mg thiazides are not safe

11. Potassium sparing diuretics are usually given with thiazides to counteract K+ loss and increase antihypertensive efficacy. Use of ACE inhibitors with thiazides decreases k+ loss by thiazides and enhance antihypertensive effect.

12. Mechanism of action Thiazides Inhibit Na+-Cl- symport in the early part of DCT Promote Na,H2O excretion ↓CO ↓BP ↓PVR ↓Na conc. In vascular smooth muscles

13. advantages Have long duration of action Cheaper Well tolerated by elderly patients Have synergistic affect when used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs

14. Adverse effects Hypokalaemia Hyper Glycaemia Uricemia Lipidaemia Calcaemia Impotence and decreased libido

15. Loop diuretics Have short duration of action Are not used routinely in hypertension except in the presence of renal or cardiac failure

16. Adverse effects Ototoxicity Hyperuricemia Acute hypovolemia Potassium depletion Hypomagnesemia Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis Allergies

17. references Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology. JP Medical Ltd; 2013 Sep 30. Shanbhag TV, Shenoy S, Nayak V. Pharmacology for Dentistry E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021 Mar 6.