Antipyretics

hey why we fall ill... wat is that causes fever.... to kws this in a very simple way please have a look..... next time instead of cursing fever you will thnk your immune system.

1. Presented at :- G. N. Khalsa college Matunga, M-19 Presented by :- T.Y.I.C Roll no. 4 Antipyretics

2. Contents Pyrexia Thermoregulation Action of pyrogens Antipyretics What antipyretics do here History of antipyretics Types of drugs Ethnobotanical drugs Chemically synthesized drugs Pharmacokinetics Toxicity Conclusion References 2

3. Pyrexia Pyrexia is an important part of the body's defense against infection. Normal body temperature- (37.2 - 37.5°C ) Most bacteria and viruses that cause infections in people thrive best at 98.6°F.   3

4. Thermoregulation Heat production Heat loss Cutaneous blood flow Sweat production Heat conduction Heat radiation Evaporation of sweat 4

5. Action of pyrogens Hypothalamus temp 5

6. Antipyretics 6 It is basically an agent that reduces fever. In greek, A gainst Pertaining to fever Anti Pyretos

7. What antipyretics do here? Every enzyme has active site. Drugs bind at the active site and the activity suppresses. Which results in lowering the body temperature. 7

8. History of antipyretics 323 BC - Alexander the great was treated using external cooling agent. 1500 BC - Egyptians were aware of antipyretic property of willow leaves 1763 - Reverend Edward Stone who submitted a letter to Royal society of London about successful treatment on fever Later salicylic acid was isolated and tests for antipyretic activity were performed. Several manipulation gave standard drug used in today's era. 8

9. Willow tree 9

10. Types of drugs 10

11. Ethnobotanical drugs Catnip Peppermint 11

12. Chemically synthesized drugs Acetaminophen Salicylate sodium Metamizole Nabumetone 12

13. Acetaminophen Also known as paracetamol They are not NSAID’s Acts by increasing the pain threshold Temporary relief of fever Majorly used due to its direct effect on heat regulatory centre. 13

14. Salicylate sodium It is a sodium salt of salicylic acid Prepared from phenolate and CO 2 under high temperature and pressure. Directly inhibits both types of COX Acts as NSAID’s C 7 H 5 NaO 3 14

15. Metamizole Belongs to class of phenyl pyrazole Used in past as fever reducer Inhibits only COX-1 It can blocks PG-dependent as well as independent pathways of fever. Its mechanism is not clear yet. C 13 H 16 N 3 NaO 4 S 15

16. Nabumetone Belongs to the family of naphthalene Parent 6-methoxy- compound 2-naphthylaceticacid Which is potent inhibitor of COX1 and COX2 receptor binging site Hepatic biotransformation C 15 H 16 O 2 16

17. Pharmacokinetics Absorption - stomach intestinal mucosa Distribution - Blood plasma Metabolism - Liver Excretion - in urine and bile 17

18. Toxicity Gastric irritation Prolong bleeding time mucosal lesions gastrointestinal discomfort Renal toxicity 18

19. Conclusion These drugs are commonly being used for management of fever. No scientific evidence that this combination is safe antipyresis. There is evidence that the improper use of these agents may cause harm. Do not take any drug without prescription of doctor. 17

20. References Karen I. Plaisance , Toxicities of Drugs Used in the Management of Fever , oxford journals Lisa A. Greismana and Philip A. Mackowiak , Fever: beneficial and detrimental effects of antipyretics , Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2002, 15:241±245 Mayoral CE1, Marino RV, Rosenfeld W, Greensher J. Alternating antipyretics: is this an alternative?  2000 May;105(5):1009-12. Peppermint Herb Profile Pyrexia and Inflammation, Banamine, MERCK animal health. Color.atlas.of.pharmacology, 2nd .Ed by H.lullmann.et.al., Thieme. 2000, ISBN.0865778434 Drugs photochemistry and photostability, edited by A.Albani and E.Fasani 20

21. 21 Thank you