anu carnation new carnation flowe r.pptx

Insects and pests of carnation flower

1. Insect pests of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus ) Submitted by : Ananya Sahoo Admission no. :221222208 Msc . Ag. Plant Pathology(2 nd year) Submitted to: Dr. Lopamudra Biswal Assistant professor Mr. Abhijit kar Assistant professor Dept. of Entomology COA, OUAT, Bhubaneswar ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE &TECHNOLOGY

2. Red spider mite : Tetranychus urticae , T. cinnabarinus Tetranychidae : Acarina Distribution : Cosmopolitan in nature 1 Host range: This spider mite is extremely polyphagous ; it can feed on hundreds of plants, including most vegetables and food crops – such as peppers , tomatoes , potatoes , pepinos , beans , maize , and strawberries , and ornamental plants such as roses . It is the most prevalent pest of Withania somnifera in India .

3. Marks of identification : The two spotted mite is greenish and has two black spots on its body , visible with a hand lens. The egg of T. urticae is translucent and pearl-like. It lays its eggs on the leaves Adult : T. urticae is extremely small, barely visible with the naked eye as reddish, yellow or black spots on plants , the adult females measure about 0.4 mm long while male is 0.3mm long . The adult female have two pronounced dark spots on either side of the body. In males these spots are less conspicuous and the body is smaller and tapered towards the end . Both sexes possess two reddish eyes. Colony of T. urticae

4. Symptom s of damage This is a devastating pest of carnation & in the summer the adult females are the feeding stages / dam aging stage. Mites feed on the underside of the leaf, suck the sap and eventually the leaves turn to bronze, wither and show severe webbing. Damaged leaves and buds become pale and stippled and the lower leaves become purplish brown to brown and die prematurely. Stunted growth and drying of plant. Plant growth, crop quality, yield and vase life of the flower are drastically reduced. Dry hot weather i s conducive for the development of the mite. Management Remove the old and infested leaves and burn them. Avoid hot dry condition by frequently spraying with wate r atleast twice a week. Spraying of pongamia oil in combination with annona oil @ 2% effectively checks mite population. Spraying of miticides like dicofol @ 3-5ml/l or spiromesifen @ 0.6-0.8ml/l or proparg i te @1ml/l at 15 days interval is also effective. Ballooning symptom Infested bud

5. Green peach Aphid : Myzus persicae Aphididae : Hemiptera Distribution : C osmopolitan in habitat. 2 Biology & identification : Egg : The eggs are oval and yellow when first laid but soon turn glossy black. Nymph :The nymphs initially green colour , later becomes yellow. They often have a dark head, thorax and wing pads and the distal portion of the abdomen is usually dark green. Adult : The female aphid has an ovoid body yellowish green in colour about 2 mm long in varying shades of green. The female has a fusiform body. Its head and thorax are black, the abdomen yellowish-green.

6. Symptom s of damage N ymph and aleaves eed by sucking sap from the tender leaves , stems and flower buds in colonies. Feeding usually occures on the buds & underside of the leaves. Feeding on young leaves results in distortion & older l eaves may display patches of chlorotic spots. Leaves become curled and crinkled. They secrete honeydew, which leads to growth of sooty moulds , and they reduce plant vigor by affecting the photosynthesis . Under severe infestation entire plant may dry up. Manage m ent Remove infested plant parts. Use of yellow sticky traps. Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids. Insects can be controlled by spraying imidachloprid 17.8SL 0.3 ml/ litre or thiamethoxam 0.4-0.5g/l or pymetrozine 50WG @ 0.6g/l or flonicamid 50WG @ 0.3g/l.

7. Thrips : Frankliniella schultzei Thripidae : Thysanoptera Distribution & host range: Cosmopolitan in nature It infests a wide range of host plants that include onion, leek and garlic , brassicaceous plants such as cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli, asparagus , sugarbeet , melon, pumpkin, marrow and cucumber, strawberry, potato , tobacco , cotton etc. 3

8. Biology & Identification: Egg : The eggs are white at first, turning orange later, and hatch in four to five days , laid in the tissues of petal, sepals, blossom stem, stamens, pistils and young leaves. Nymph : They are white or yellowish. Two instar stages lasting about nine days in total are followed by the non-feeding prepupal and pupal stages which last four to seven days in total. The nymphs feed on the stamens, pistils and petals. When full grown they crawl to the ground and pupate about 50 mm under the surface. Adult : Adult female thrips are narrow-bodied, light-brown or grey and 1-2 mm long. Males are smaller and yellow. Both sexes have two pairs of narrow delicate fringed wings with long hairs. The wings lie along the back when not in use. Generation time is 10- 30 days.

9. S ymptom s of damage The young and adult stages mainly attack growing buds, flowers and feed on sepals and petals causing discolouration (silver streaks) and distortion of affected floral parts. Damage to young buds will not allow buds to open leading to considerable flower loss. Due to feeding on flowers ,sepals and petals discolored and distorted affecting the normal opening of the flower . On coloured flowers they cause white flecks. They excrete brown droplets ,which afterwards true black.

10. Management Removal & destruction of infested plant parts. Use of blue sticky traps. Soil drenching with 0.01% chloropyriphos reduces further incidence by killing thrips present in the soil. Insects can be controlled by spraying imidachloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 ml/ litre / thiamethoxam @ 0.4-0.5g/l or pymetrozine 50WG @ 0.6g/l or flonicamid 50WG @ 0.3g/l.

11. Bud borer : Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae : Lepoidoptera Distribution: C osmopolitan in nature Host range: Polyphagous i.e . it attacks Cotton, castor, pigeonpea , sunflower, chickpea, black gram, maize, bhendi , potato, tomato, tobacco, rose, peach, etc. 4

12. Biology & identification : Egg: Y ellowish white creamy coloured & ribbed. Larvae: N ewly emerged are yellowish white wherease older can be of many colours depending on the food they consume. The fullgrown caterpillars are about 40 mm long have various shades of yellow, green, pink or brown, with dark flecking and longitudinal stripes. Adult: M edium sized stoutly built moths. Forewing is light yellow in males and brown in females. On the apical margin of the forewings wavy lines in the form of light black bands are visible and a blackspot appear on the upperside . Adult Larvae

13. Life cycle: Incubation period is 3-7 days. Larval period is 15-22 days 5 larval instars are present Pupal period is 10-14 days Pupation takes place in the soil Adult longevity is 6-10 days

14. Damage symptoms Damage is caused by caterpillar damaging carnation bud. Larvae bore into growing points by making holes in buds and damage flowers by feeding on developing petals and reproductive parts resulting in petal drop. They also feed on the young shoots and foliage. They make characteristic round holes in buds and flower heads. Ma nagement Deep summer ploughing to expose the pupae to natural enemies & sunlight. Collection and killing of grown up larvae by putting them in 0.1% chloropyriphos solution reduces borer population. Setup pheromone traps i.e helilure@5/ha. Spraying of Indox a carb @ 0.6-0.7 ml/l or [email protected]/l or 0.03% chlorantraniliprole when eggs are observed on buds controls damage by the past effectively.

15. Carnation tortrix moth : Cacoecimorpha pronubana T ortricidae : Lepidoptera Distribution & Origin: Cacoecimorpha is a monotypic moth genus of the family Tortricidae . Cacoecimorpha pronubana — the carnation tortrix —is its sole species and is found in Europe, northern Africa, South Africa, Anatolia and North America. Host range: Cacoecimorpha pronubana  larvae are highly polyphagous and have been recorded from  periwinkle, aster, hawkweed, cabbage, mustard, blueberry, geranium etc. 5

16. Identification Larvae Pupae Adult female Adult : Small tortricidae moth with greyish brown forewing measuring 6.5-8.5 mm in male and 7.5-11.5 mm in female . The hindwings in both sexes are a distinctive bright orange and black, although many females lack black scaling on the hindwings. Males lack a forewing costal fold.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Egg: E ggs are usually oval shaped , somewhat flat and orange in colour laid in shingle like formation with rows of 40-50 eggs. Larva e : Late instar larvae are yellowish green in colour .                                                                                                                                                Adult male

17. Lifecycle : Each female can lay 50-60 eggs Incubation period is 2-3 days. Larval period is 5-15 days. Pupal period is 5-8 days. Adult longevity is 10-20 days. Total life cycle is completed in 20-30 days under optimum condition .

18. Symptom s of damage Serious insect of carnation buds . Caterpillar webs the leaves with silken threads and feed inside the shelter. Injury - found around the growing points of the shoots. L arvae will feed on the leaves and may also bore into the flower buds. Management Removal and destruction of the infested plant parts Hand picking and collection of larvae and their destruction in 0.1% chloropyriphos Spraying of chloropyriphos 20EC @ 2ml/l.

19. References: “Pests of carnation” TNAU website – https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_flower%20crops_carnation.html “Management of major pests of carnation” Vardharasu P V,Manzar , Nazki – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341205212_Management_of_major_sucking_pests_on_carnation_under_protected_conditions_ https://idtools.org/id/leps/tortai/Cacoecimorpha_pronubana.htm#:~:text=larval%20stage.&text=Cacoecimorpha%20pronubana%20larvae%20are%20highly,of%20plants%20in%2042%20families Advances in integrated pest and disease management of horticultural crops (vol.3) Ornamental, medicinal & aromatic crops by P Parvata Reddy Flower crops cultivation and management by A K Singh.

20. Thank Y ou …