Apparel Technology Management for master class.pptx

Apparel technology management for

(MSC)

1. Course Name: Apparel Technology Main questions related to Technology What is Technology? What are the differences between science and technology? Why need to study Technology? What are the Applications of Technology? How technology affect to the society and economy? Technology Classification What does the term Management of Technology mean? What does Apparel Technology covers?

2. COURSE OBJECTIVE Understanding the concept of Technology and Technology Management To understand parameters influencing in identification, selection and managing different levels of apparel technology Role of training in Technology Management Developing skills to carry out Techno Economic Feasibility for apparel technologies To understand the need to maintain a market position and business performance in accordance with the organization’s objectives

3. Technology success and failure How AirAsia , Jetstar can offer a fly with lower price in Airline industry? How ANZ Royal Bank penetrate to Cambodia market? Why Kodak failure in film competition? How 5 stars hotel sale their service world wide?

4. How Cambodia government provide a visa to tourist via electronic system? How ATM help bank operation? How Internet help tour operation and travel agency to maximize their profit? How IBM and Intel sell products online? Technology success and failure

5. Introduction Technological change is one of the most important sources of change in the economy The capacity for S cience and Technology in some countries has not been adequately translated into innovative and dynamic business organization The economy remains largely dependent on natural resources, traditional processing and manufacturing and, for the most part, on imported technologies

6. Introduction A sound scientific and technological base is essential to economic growth in a competitive international environment With the increasing impact of globalization on business, the scope for competition is no longer limited by national boundaries or by the definition of a particular industrial sector

7. Management of technology, innovation and information have also emerged as key requirements for success in the 21st century enterprise s P roper management of technological change , particularly at the productive enterprise level, has become the most important consideration for development Introduction

8. Introduction Technology Technology refers to the theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to develop products and services as well as their production and delivery systems A process, technique, or methodology embodied in a product design or in a manufacturing or service process which transforms inputs of labor, capital, information, material, and energy into outputs of greater value.

9. Definition of Technology All the knowledge, products, processes, tools, methods, and systems employed in the creation of goods or in providing services The application of science and engineering to the development of machines and procedures in order to enhance or improve human conditions, or at least to improve human efficiency in some respect Technology is the technical means people use to improve their surroundings

10. Differences between science and technology Science is the study of why natural things happen the way they do. Technology is the use of knowledge to turn resources into goods and services that society needs. Science and technology affect all people

11. Why we study technology? People create technological devices and systems to satisfy basic needs and wants. Technology is responsible for a great deal of the progress of the human race Technology is the tools to gain competitive advantage

12. Application of Technology Technology – linked to improvements in living standards Enhancement of economic prosperity for countries, industries and businesses depends upon the effective technology management Technology creates wealth Application of technology , not just its development , is a key to success in the competitive global economy

13. Technology Management is set of management discipline that allows organizations to manage their technological fundamentals to create competitive advantage Introduction to Technology management

14. Technology management[TM] TM is an interdisciplinary field that integrates science, engineering, and management knowledge and practice TM refers to the design and use of the means needed within organizations to achieve economic and social objectives through technological innovation

15. Technology Management (TM) An interdisciplinary field NATURAL SCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCE ENGINEERING BUSINESS THEORY INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE TM

16. The role of the technology management in an organization is to understand the value of certain technology for the organization. Continuous development of technology is valuable as long as there is a value for the customer and therefore the technology management function in an organization should be able to argue when to invest on technology development and when to withdraw. Introduction to Technology Management

17. C oncepts used in technology management Technology strategy (a logic or role of technology in organization), Technology forecasting (identification of possible relevant technologies for the organization), Technology roadmap (mapping technologies to business and market needs), Technology project portfolio ( a set of projects under development) and technology portfolio (a set of technologies in use).

18. Technology Management Establish and Prioritize Technology Protect Technology Manage Technology Risk Manage Technology Integrity Manage Technology Availability

19. The roles of TM TM helps nation and firms to answer the following questions: How technologies is created? How it can be exploited to create business opportunity? How to integrated technology with business strategy? How to use technology gain competitive advantage? How can technology improve the flexibility of manufacturing and service systems? When to enter and abandon technology?

20. Technology Management : an entrepreneurial perspective Technology itself does not produce commercial results It is its application that brings commercial benefits Such application comes about due to the activities of “entrepreneurs” Any economy needs “ paper entrepreneurs” and “Product Entrepreneurs”

21. Paper entrepreneurs - Trained in law, finance , accountancy etc.. manipulate systems in novel ways: Establishing joint ventures, holding companies, finding tax shelters, investing in commodities; going public, etc Product entrepreneurs - engineers and scientists involved in production, researchers and designers, production managers, and businessman in produce goods and services people want Technology Management : an entrepreneurial perspective

22. Dynamics behind TM : Change in production systems Change in managerial and engineering cultures Change in competition Increasing returns Technology as a source of competitive advantage

23. Context affects technology management : Sector (e.g. scale-intensive, science-intensive) Size (e.g. small firms, large firms) National systems of innovation (e.g. different countries have more or less supportive contexts) Life cycle (of technology, industry, etc.) (e.g. new versus mature established firms)

24. Technology and Business The goal of an organization is to achieve a set of objectives Pool of knowledge available to society Technology adds value to the assets of a company Conversion of resources into goods and services

25. Classification of Technology New technology Emerging technology Appropriate technology High technology Medium technology Low technology

26. Summary on Technology &Technology management Technology is clearly one of the dominant features of modern world. Whether one supports or condemns, there is total consensus that managing technology effectively is critically important to the success and survival of individual companies and to national economic well-being and growth It is ironic that until recently the subject of management technology did not, in general, receive the kind of popular attention that is should have in business, government and management development programs The issue is how can we interpret “management of technology” in practical way

27. Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing Technology Technology for machinery and Equipment has evolved over years and newer features are continuously added to enhance scope of function, user ease and improved productivity.

28. Over the years although additional features expanded the scope of function but the machines are categorized on its primary function Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing Technology

29. Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing Technology Any technology is qualitatively graded from A to E depending on level of technology (standards world industry during 1999). Code Level of Technology A Backward/Primitive B Between A, C C Modern D Between C, E E Global Standard

30. Classification of technologies based on activities in apparel industry Fabric Inspection Spreading Cutting Fusing Sewing Ironing/Pressing/Finishing Embroidery Laundry (dry and wet finishing) Dry Cleaning Any other

31. CAD in Apparel Industry Computer Aided Design (CAD) becomes an essential tool for pattern making and related jobs in garment industry. In apparel industry CAD Software is used for pattern making, Grading of pattern, marker making and digitizing manual patterns.

32. CAD in Apparel Industry

33. CAD in Apparel Industry There are number of CAD software suppliers who have developed CAD systems. But only few names are popular in fashion industry. Widely used CAD systems in the apparel industry are listed below.

34. CAD in Apparel Industry

35. What To Know Before You Buy What do you want to accomplish ? Do you need industry-specific custom software ? Do you need industry-specific custom software ? How do you choose a vendor ? What should you know before you buy ? What are the hidden costs?

36. Questions asked before buying CAD On what platform does this software run? What is the operating system Is it a mainstream operating system? Are there multiple software developers on this system? What are the hardware requirements and costs? What are the software application(s) being offered? What file format does the software write? (Can the other applications used be read or write in this format?) What are the unique features of the software?

37. Apparel Manufacturing Technology The last decade has seen a shift in apparel technology developments, with innovation giving way to more practical solutions driven by flexibility and user-friendliness.

38. The declining apparel manufacturing industry and huge job losses in the older economies have restricted the availability of research and development funds for apparel machinery technology development, while the newer economies are not geared up for the necessary research. Apparel Manufacturing Technology

39. Traditionally, it is the developed countries that invent new technology, commercializes it for their own industries, and then shift it to developing countries as 'collaborative projects' and 'technology transfers . Germany , Italy and the USA were the leaders in apparel machinery technology development until Japan and Taiwan joined the bandwagon in the late 70s. Apparel Manufacturing Technology

40. A look at the worldwide market for apparel technology shows that the 'big five' controlled a 75-80 per cent share during last decade. (Japan, Germany, Taiwan, USA and Italy) Apparel Manufacturing Technology

41. The technology for apparel manufacturing can be divided into three categories: pre-sewing , sewing/joining and post sewing. Apparel Manufacturing Technology

42. Evolution in pre-sewing technology Fabric inspection has traditionally been a manual process, since the ability to define defects in fabrics is very subjective and one of the most difficult processes to automate. Equipment primarily consisted of a slant table with a translucent/opaque surface with edge sensor and length counter, but scanning for defects was still carried out by the human eye.

43. Current automated fabric inspection systems are based on adaptive, neural networks that have the ability to learn . The latest are equipped with specialized computer processors, CCD (charged couple device) camera, scan the fabric using advanced fractal scanning techniques. The machines are designed to find, catalogue and analyses defects for a wide variety of fabrics. Evolution in pre-sewing technology

44. Fabric spreading technology almost unchanged since it was first introduced in the 60s, except for computerized tension control, CCD camera-based plaid matching etc. It can be best summarized as: "What the operator used to push during the 60s, he/she merely rides today." Evolution in pre-sewing technology

45. The expensive CNC cutting technology used today is also similar to the one invented during the late 60s, except that the mechanical controls have been replaced by microchips. Evolution in pre-sewing technology

46. Computer Aided Design The technology that has given a real facelift to the pre-sewing category is CAD (computer aided design). It all started with 2D CAD where patterns were drafted on computer using PDS software, graded and then laid out (marker making) for optimum fabric utilization.

47. Evolution in sewing technology Sewing, once considered the only means of joining components, is losing market share to technologies like heat sealing and ultrasonic welding.

48. In the past, increasing sewing machine speed was considered to be directly related to higher production and was a challenge for machinery manufacturers. From a moderate speed of 2000 spm (stitches per minute), developments have included 10,000 spm overlock sewing machines. Evolution in sewing technology

49. But however fast the stitch formation is, productivity will still be restricted by the two human hands aligning and adjusting the fabric parts being sewn together. Evolution in sewing technology

50. Microchips in machinery The application of microchips in machinery technology is extensive and helps to control and diagnose sewing machine functions better than would be manually possible.

51. Electronics are applied everywhere as the following list shows: Programming stitch profiles (cross tack, crescent tack etc ) in pattern tacking machines Control the speed of the machine Program the number of stitches in different sewing bursts Control the feed dog movements. Diagnose the machine malfunction area Microchips in machinery

52. Voice activated start-stop of machine Step motor for driving puller Computerized thread tension monitoring (active tension control from Juki and Yamato) Thread break/exhaust indicator for needle, bobbin and looper Online seam quality inspection Microchips in machinery

53. Speed responsive presser foot pressure Elastic/tape metering device Fabric ply sensor Computer controlled needle throw in zigzag machines. Microchips in machinery

54. Post sewing technology Technology developments have remained stable over the years except electronic digital controls have replaced analogue mechanical controls, resulting in better accuracy of parameters like temperature and pressure

55. ROI for Advanced Level of Technology Every owner of a garment factory will need to purchase better and better machinery to stay competitive in today’s hi-tech era. Code Level of Technology A Backward/Primitive B Between A, C C Modern D Between C, E E Global Standard

56. Before invests in any capital equipment, detailed assessment is needed as to when the capital outlay would be fully amortized. Return on Investment analysis is one of the several approaches which can used to arrive at an informed decision. The term means that decision makers evaluate the investment by comparing the magnitude and timing of expected returns with the cost of investment. ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

57. Return On Investment (ROI ) is frequently defined as the ‘return ’ ( incremental gain) from an action divided by the cost of that action. It needs to be noted that the cost of every machine depreciates with time , till it reaches ‘salvage’ or a defined strike-off value. ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

58. The same rationale can also be used for implementing programmers like marketing, recruiting and training, among others ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

59. What is ROI Analysis? One of several approaches to building a financial business case A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or A performance measure to compare the efficiency of different investments.

60. F ew parameters are being considered , which should be kept in mind while calculating ROI for any investment . ROI Cannot Be Assessed In Isolation Other Tangible Benefits Intangible Benefits ROI With Increased Capacity Utilization ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

61. The benefit (return) of an investment is divided by the cost of the investments; the result is expressed as a percentage or a ratio . ROI= Gains from investment – Cost of investment Cost of Investment ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

62. In complex business settings, it is not always easy to match specific returns with specific costs Total Benefit – Total Costs = ROI Total Costs ROI for Advanced Level of Technology

63. Depreciation value Depreciation rate Cost – Salvage value Estimated hour