application of genetic Engineering

application of genetic Engineering

1. KARNATAKA STATE AKKAMAHADEVI WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY VIJAYAPUR TOPIC : Application of genetic engineering in different fields SUBJECT : Genetic engineering PRESENTED BY : Preeti G

2. CONTENTS Introduction Applications in medical field Applications in agricultural field Applications in environmental field References

3. INTRODUCTION genetic engineering is the set of techniques that enable the DNA from different sources to be identified,isolated and recombined into an other organism . GE is modify and manipulate the organisms genes using technology . ww What is genetic engineering ?

4. Genetic engineering has the wide range of applications in different fields. If any organism or product which is generated by GE which is known as genetically modified organism or product . The first GMO was bacteria generated by Herbert & stanely in 1973. The first company to focus on genetic engineering is Genetech,(1976 ).

5. Application in medicine Insulin production : insulin production is one of the earliest uses of GE. Humulin is the first human insulin produced in 1978 using E.coli bacteria. Vaccines: a vaccine is product that produce immunity in the body and fight against the disease. Ex: hepatitis B vaccine

6. Create animal models : GE is also has application in creating the animal models to study the genetic disorders. Ex:musculus,sprague,Dawley Gene therapy : a gene therapy is genetic engineering technique by replacing the genes to cure the disease. Ex: Parkinson's disease ,chronic lymphatic leukemia.

7. Pharma products : so many pharmaceutical drugs can also produced by using genetic engineering technology . a pharmaceutical drug can used to diagnose,cure,treat or prevent disease. Ex: Remicade,Epo,Avastin.

8. Application in agriculture field Crop improvement: Scientist can use genetic engineering to increase crop yields,lower food costs,improve food quality ,improve medicinal values. Ex :golden rice, Insect resistance plants :GE can helps to produce insect resistance plants ,to save the crop from insects. Ex: BT cotton,

9. Herbicide resistance: GE is also has application in control the growth of weed to protect the crop.these herbicides are toxic to plants . Ex: EPSP Virus resistance: with the advancement of GE the expression of coat protein sequence towards the gene is currently the most successful virus resistance method in plants. Ex : tobacco

10. Application in environmental field Genetic engineering is involved in betterment of environment ,by solving the problems . Genetically modified crops can help to reduce the agricultural greenhouse gas emission. GE can helps to distinguish the species & ensure species are not at risk extinction.

11. GE is also has application in production of biodegradable plastic . The bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus produce PHB ( polyhydroxybutyrate ),which is biodegradable biopolymer. For the process of bioremediation genetically modified organisms are applied for effective removal of contaminants. Genetically modified crops support climate change mitigation by producing the drought resistance and stress tolerant plants.

12. REFERENCES Genetic engineering “Encyclopedia of science fiction2”april 2015. Life sciences “fundamentals and practice 2” pathfinder 2019.