APPLYING BASAL FERTILIZER.pptx

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1. APPLYING BASAL FERTILIZER

2. Introduction Fertilizers are food to plants. They nourish the plants and make them grow vigorously to withstand the adverse effects of climate, weather and pests. In this Learning Activity, you will know how to feed your plants so that you can achieve the maximum produce you are hoping from your crops.

3. Lesson 7: Perform land preparation LO 1: Perform Land Preparation 1.6. Apply basal fertilizer based on crop requirement 1.7. Follow safety procedures for fertilizer application according to OHS standards. Code: TLE_AFAACP9-12PLCR-Iva-f21  

4.   At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: familiarize with the kinds of fertilizers; compute the amount of fertilizer to be applied at a given area; apply basal fertilizer; and follow OHS standards in handling fertilizers.

5. How much do you know about our topic for today? Let us try to find out. Do the following activity.   Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form a word as described in the following statements. Write your answer on your paper.   f t i i l r z e e r 1. A substance added to the soil to improve its capacity to nourish plants. L a s a b 2. It is process of applying fertilizer whereby the application is done before planting. n e r g e 3. The plowing under of leguminous crops increase a r e n u m fertility of the soil. n i c a r o g i n 4. Examples of theses fertilizers are Urea, complete of ammonium sulfate and also known as commercial fertilizers. j s c u i e 5. These are extracts from fruits or plant parts.

6. Fertilizers are substances added to the soil that increase its ability to nourish plants or crops. Fertilized soil enables farmers to grow better and more crops. Plants absorb from the soil sixteen nutrients in order to grow normally. These nutrients are oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, sodium and chlorine.

7. Soil nutrients exist in two forms: available and unavailable. Available nutrients are ready for absorption to plants. The unavailable nutrients are those present in the soil but cannot be used by plants as food. They have to be either subjected to natural weathering, or be acted upon by soil microbes to become available for plant use.

8. Kinds Of Fertilizers

9. Organic or Natural Fertilizers - these are taken from plant and animal wastes and include animal manure, green manure, plant juices, compost, and vermicasts .

10. Animal manure . Animal manures are especially valuable in farm crop production for, in addition to plant food, they supply large amounts of organic matter to the soil. The composition depends chiefly on the kind of manure and the condition of their storage. Well-decomposed manure is better than fresh.   b. Green manures are green growing plants that are plowed under. Upon their decomposition, the plant food they contain become available to other plants. Green manure only supplies the available nutrients they have to the plant.  

11. c. Plant juices are extracts from plants used as fertilizers.   d. Compost is an organic material consisting of very fine, thoroughly rotted manure, plant parts, and other organic matter. It is prepared by piling up animal manure, soil, crop residues, lime or wood ashes.   e. Vermicast   (also called worm castings, worm humus, worm manure, or worm feces) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms.

12. 2. Inorganic Fertilizer also called commercial fertilizer. They are concentrated form of plant food which maybe complete or incomplete. A complete fertilizer contains all the three macro elements (NPK). An incomplete fertilizer contains only one or two of these elements – N, P or K.   Commercial fertilizers are manufactured to meet the demands of different crops and different soil types. They provide the plants with the same element found in an organic fertilizer but continuous use will lead to disastrous results. The soil becomes deficient in organic matter and losses friability and its ability to resist drought. Commercial fertilizers should be used as supplement but never as replacements for compost and manures.

13. Methods of Applying Fertilizer

14. Broadcasting - As a rule commercial fertilizer should be broadcast and thoroughly mixed with the soil by harrowing as a basal application . This is usually practiced in rice culture or even in sweet potato culture. Row application – the application is done in rows or between the plants in rows. Never allow a contact of the fertilizer with the roots of the plants.

15. 3. Band application – fertilizer is applied a few centimeters around each plant. 4. Side dressing or top dressing - Fertilizer is applied to complete the amount required 5. Foliar Application . It should be applied in the early morning when the air is cool. Spray plants until you see the mixture dripping from the leaves. Add dishwashing soap to the foliar spray to help the solution stick to the leaves. Do not forget to spray the underside of leaves as well.

16. Factors in Determining the Amount of Fertilizer Needed

17. The kind of soils and their fertility. Inorganic soils respond to Nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium. Organic soils require large amount of potash and phosphorus; less nitrogen, while acidic soils respond to lime and magnesium. The kinds of crops. Different species and varieties of crops need different kinds and amounts of fertilizers. The economic results. The income that maybe derived should be more than the expenses for fertilizers to be put in. The method of application. Lesser amount is needed in application if this is done in bands or rows rather than by broadcasting. Weather condition or seasons. A larger amount is needed during the rainy season than the other times because of possible losses due to flooding.

18. Computation of Fertilizer Requirements

19. The amount of fertilizer to be applied per hectare to supply a certain amount of plant nutrient depends on the composition of the fertilizer material to be used. Fertilizer rates are expressed in kilograms of Nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ), and potash (K 2 O) per hectare. Another is by bags of fertilizer material per hectare. In either case, convert the kilograms of nitrogen needed to kilograms of ammonium sulfate or urea to meet the nitrogen requirements. Suppose a fertilizer rate of 90-60-30 is recommended. This means that in one hectare, 90 kg. of nitrogen, 60 kg. of phosphoric acid, and 30 kg of potash are needed. To translate this recommendation into either bags or kilograms per hectare, here is what to do:

20. Sample problem: How many kilograms of urea, solophos , and muriate of potash is needed per hectare? Given: Urea= 45-0-0 Solophos = 0-20-0 Muriate of potash = 0-0-60 Recommended rate = 90-60-30

21. Formula#1

22. Weight of Urea: = 90 kg x 100 45 = 90 kg .45 = 200 kg of urea Weight of Solophos : = 60 kg x 100 20 = 60 kg .20 = 300 kg of solophos Weight of Muriate of potash: = 30 kg x 100 60 = 30 kg .60 = 50 kg of solophos

23. To determine the number of bags needed per fertilizer, we use the following formula: Number of bags of Urea: = 200 kg 50kg/bag = 4 bags of urea Number of bags of Solophos : = 300 kg 50kg/bag = 6 ag of solophos Number of bags of Muriate of potash: = 50 kg 50kg/bag = 1 bag of solophos

24. Compute the following on a sheet of paper. Show your solution Calculate the number of kilograms needed of ammonium sulfate (21% N or 21 – 0 – 0), super phosphate (20% P2O5 or 0 – 20 – 0) and muriate of potash (60% K2O or 0 – 0 – 60) to meet the 90 – 60 – 30 fertilizer recommendation. EVALUATION

25. Compute the following on your answer sheet. Show your solution, the fertilizer recommendation for the growth of pechay is 3 tons of organic fertilizer combined with 135-90-90 kg/ha. of inorganic fertilizer. Compute for the amount of Nitrogen to use in kilograms if the find of fertilizer to apply is urea with a grade of 46-0-0.   Please write your answer in a 1 whole sheet of paper to be past next meeting. ASSIGNMENT

26. General tips In Applying Fertilizer   All fertilizers should preferably be applied before sowing. Fertilizer should preferably be broadcasted uniformly and harrowed in. All fertilizers that contain soluble phosphate are preferably be applied in wide bands of between 2.5 to 5 cm on each side of the rows of seeds at a depth of 10-15 cm. The superphosphate fertilizer should preferably be mixed with farmyard manure. Fertilizer types that include sulfate of ammonia could be used as a top dressing but do not apply this type of fertilize when the leaves of the plants are wet. The application of fertilizer is preferably followed by watering when applied to irrigated crops. When fertilizing fruit trees, the fertilizer is applied to the soil under the crown. The crown is the area about few meters from the trunk. Always use rubber gloves and face mask or PPE in handling fertilizers.

27. Procedure in storing Fertilizers/Chemicals   Assess the quantity and duration of the chemical to be stored as well as toxicity and stability. Store in well-ventilated, well-lit lockable shed that’s has an impervious floor and shelving and flood-free. Check the label for advice about storage. Store away from respirators, protective clothing and equipment. Store the fertilizers/chemicals in their original containers, with labels intact. Remove combustible materials near the storage area. Ensure fire-fighting equipment such as fire extinguisher, sand, or supplies of water is available and accessible in the area.  

28. Guided Practice 1 Answer the following questions. Write your answer on your paper. What are the two kinds of fertilizers? Give examples. How do you apply fertilizer? What is the formula in computing the fertilizer requirement in kilograms ? Guided Practice 2 Calculate the number of kilograms needed of ammonium sulfate (21% N or 21 – 0 – 0), super phosphate (20% P2O5 or 0 – 20 – 0) and muriate of potash (60% K2O or 0 – 0 – 60) to meet the 90 – 60 – 30 fertilizer recommendation. Show your solutions. Write your answer on your paper.   Independent Practice The plot you constructed in the previous activity is 1 meter X 5 meters or equivalent to 5 m 2 . Apply complete fertilizer using basal method in the plot in preparation for planting. Consider the area and the computation of amount of fertilizer to use, using recommended rate as 90-60-30.

29. Complete the statements below: Fertilizers are needed by plants to… Safety in handling fertilizers is observed when… The topic that I need to master is….