Apposition

For English learners

1. APPOSITION Group 6 Nguyễn Thị Mai B Đặng Thị Hương Sen Bùi Thị Thanh Thủy Hà Quang Tùng

2. Đặng Thị Hương Sen APPOSITION 1. Definition 2. Indicators

3. Đặng Thị Hương Sen 1. Definition -Apposition is the linking of units having the some meaning or grammatical status - The units linked together are called a ppositives Eg . Mr. Tom, the doctor, was here last afternoon. Eg . A brother, Thomas, was on the television last night.

4. 2.Indicators Eg . The passenger of 1980s , namely the supersonic jet , will transform relations between peoples of the world The indicators express certain semantic relationships the appositives Namely , that is to say, in other words, for example, for instance , including, as follows , mainly, especially , such as , particularly , mostly…. Đặng Thị Hương Sen

5. Position 3.Some of these indicators either precede or follow the second appositive Eg . The headmaster of Hop Duc secondary school , in other words Thu Thao , was on newpaper last morning. The headmaster of Hop Duc secondary school , Thu Thao in other words , was on newpaper last morning only precede the second appositive : namely, and, or(rather/better) as follows, such as, of and the abbreviated forms, ie,viz and eg Eg . Many professions, such as the legal profession , have established their own codes of professional conduct. 2. “included” only follows the second appositive Eg . Many people, my sister included , won’t forgive him for that Đặng Thị Hương Sen

6. Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) Apposition Restrictive Apposition Non-restrictive Apposition 3.Type

7. Restrictive Apposition : E.g. 1. My friend Lan sings very well. Have you ever seen the novel Harry Potter? Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) links the appositives having value e qual information

8. E.g. The President of the USA Barack Obama is quite handsome  Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) Expression

9. 1 st appositive is expression and is preceded by a determiner (and pre-modifier ) Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) more general definite Expression E.g. I’m looking for the teacher Emily “The”

10. Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) E.g. Is this Mr Harry the musician ? => 2. is more general expression and is preceded by a definite determiner (and pre-modifier) Expression 2 nd appositive

11. 3. Similar to (1) but no determiner E.g. Teamleader Cuong was the most successful leader which inspired the other group. Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) Expression

12. Uses (1) Citations & Names of books… “the fact that”, “the idea that” Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12)

13. Have you ever read the novel “Harry Potter ”? I totally disagree with the fact that she is more intelligent than me. Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12)

14. Restrictive apposition: 3 expressions Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) links the appositives having equal information value

15. 3.2 Non-restrictive apposition a. Definition b. Types It provides unnecessary informations that the meaning of sentence will not be changed if we omit it. (1) Equivalence Appellation Designation Identification Reformulation shows unique reference between 2 appositives. E.g. The secretary , Tung , is the most handsome boy in us class. shows unique reference between 2 appositives, but the second less specific than the first. E.g. Tung , the secretary of us class , is a single boy. no unique reference between 2 appositives, the second identifies the first. E.g. That girl , with glasses , is my friend. means the rewording of the second appositive in the content of the first. E.g. Batman, a superhero, is my favorite character. Presenter: Hà Quang Tùng

16. Presenter: Bùi Thị Thanh Thủy ATTRIBUTION - Involves predication rather than equivalence - Certain constructions in second appositive

17. Presenter: Bùi Thị Thanh Thủy ATTRIBUTION No article Team leader of group 6, Mai, is fat With Adverbial M y friend, particularly Huy , likes travelling. With verbless clause John, my friend, believes the prisoner innocent.

18. Presenter: Bùi Thị Thanh Thủy inclusion Examplification : Particularization: second exemplifies the more general term in first Ex: He promised, say to arrive at 8 , isn’t realiable first particularization the more general term in second Ex: The girl, particularily Huy and Trang , say they don’t like him

19. Comparation between restrictive and non-restrictive apposition Restrictive Non-restrictive Essential information Additionally decriptive information Can’t be omitted No comma Can be omitted Use comma

20. Presenter: Nguyen Thi Mai B(10/12) Identify whether the following sentences are restrictive or non-restrictive appositive? My brother Jim went white water rafting in Colorado last summer. Starbucks, one of the best places for coffee in town, is always busy. George Washington the first president of the United States had false teeth that were made of wood Venice, a city of canals villas and marvelous cuisine, is home to the Peggy Guggenheim Museum. Mars the fourth planet from the sun is also called the "Red Planet" because of its reddish appearance as seen from Earth. Exercise

21. A  relative clause  is not always an appositive My sister, Alice Smith , likes jelly beans.  2. My sister,   a doctor whose name is Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.  3. My sister, whose name is Alice Smith, likes jelly beans . => The appositive is the noun phrase  Alice Smith . => The appositive is the noun phrase with dependent relative clause  a doctor whose name is Alice Smith => There is no appositive . There is a relative clause:  whose name is Alice Smith .