Approaches IN Communication and kind of different approaches

KIND OF APPROACHES

1. Communicative Approach . highlights the importance of real communication for learning to take place. . does not focus on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary , . aims at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language ( communicative competence ), . enhances focus on real- life situations . “ Communicating meaning is the main goal in CLT, and language is seen as a tool for learners to reach this aim ”.  

2. Lexical approach L anguage is made up of lexical units rather than grammatical structures . The units are words ,  chunks   formed by   collocations , and fixed phrases . 'Lexical chunk ' is an umbrella term which includes all the other terms . “L exical chunk is any pair or group of words which are commonly found together , or in close proximity ”.  

3. PPP Teaching Method Teaching process in three stages : - P resentation .-  of an aspect of language in a context that students are familiar with . -   P ractice .- students practice the new aspect of language receiving limited and appropriate assistance from the teacher . P roduction .- the students are able to use the new aspect of language in context , with as little help as posible. I t consists of 3 stages that most people who have learnt how to do anything will be familiar with .  

4. Test – Teach - Test * F irst learners complete a task or activity without help from the teacher . * Then , based on the problems seen , the teacher plans and presents the   target language . * Finally the learners do another task to practise the new language .

5. Guided discovery - A lso known as an inductive approach . - The teacher provides examples of a language item and helps the learners to find the rules themselves . It encourages independence , makes learning more memorable, and if analysis is done in groups , it is a meaningful communicative task .  

6. Grammar Translation Method   derived from the classical method of teaching Greek and Latin . - students learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language .  

7. Task-based learning Approach   * S tudents solve tasks that are relevant and interesting to them . * T hey need to use the target language they're learning to communicate with their peers and solve the task . * They use authentic language instead of answering grammar or vocabulary questions about the language .

8. Total Physical Response L anguage and vocabulary are taught by using physical movement to react to verbal input. M imics the way that infants learn their first language . Reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. Parents have ' language-body conversations ' with their babies . T hey instruct and the child responds physically . T he child takes in all of the language ; the sounds and the patterns . . Eventually when it has decoded enough , the child reproduces the language spontaneously .