APPROPRIATE AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGy options

It needs to be understood and appreciated that Construction technologies are are always evolving, devolving, never fixed and never finite accordingly, there is need for continued research to evolve new technologies to make the buildings more qualitative and productive. Considering this focus,Ppt tries to Explains and brief the role, relevance, importance and the context of construction technologies in making built environment qualitative, more productive, sustainable, cost-effective, resource efficient, eco-friendly, carbon neutral and speedier requiring minimum manpower, resources and remain sustainable over the entire life-cycle of its existence. Presentation also showcase various technologies which are making construction sector different and distinct. Presentation also tries to defines the challenges faced in the construction sector and the road map to overcome those challenges. PPt also tries to brief how technologies like AI, AR, VR, Drones, BIM, Robotics, Cloud Computing etc. are making the construction sector skilled and efficient besides bringing all stakeholders on the common platform

1. Jit Kumar Gupta
Chandigarh
[email protected]
AFFORDABLE AND
INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES

2. ▪Context of
Buildings--
Resources/
environment

3. BUILDINGS-CONTEXT, ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
Buildings--integral part of human history, growth, development
Buildings –definer of future journey of human growth
Buildings--a manmade environment
Buildings--vital for human growth
Buildings –living organism
Buildings –catering to all human activities
Buildings --valuable -80% human life spent in buildings
Buildings-full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings --largest consumers of energy
Buildings -largest consumers of resources
Buildings –largest generators of waste
Buildings-largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings ---responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings --responsible for global warming
Buildings --major determinant of global sustainability

4. BUILDINGS-CONTEXT, ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
▪Buildings–providers of optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings --make people healthy/sick
Buildings --vital to overcome human/ ecological concerns, global
warming, reducing carbon footprints
Making Buildings Sustainable--essential to make value addition to --
resources, environment ,ecology
Researches made/Studies carried out revealed —
Green buildings--create win-win situation for owners, occupants & users
A Green School-makes learning easy & more meaningful
A Green House--makes people happy, healthy, productive
A Green Hospital--cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall--increases sale / profits

5. BUILDINGS --AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Builtenvironment-significantlyimpactenvironmentandconsumptionofresources:
➢16%ofWorld’sfreshWaterwithdrawal.
➢25%ofWoodharvested.
➢30%ofConsumptionofRawMaterial.
➢50%ofGlobalEnergyConsumption.
➢35%ofWorld'sCO2emission
➢40%ofMunicipalSolidWaste.
➢50%ofOzoneDepletingCFC’sstillinuse.
➢30%ofResidentshavingSickBuildingSyndrome
•--70%ofglobalwarmingoutcomeof;
•--builtenvironment&transportation
--Majorityofexistingbuildings---lowconcernfor;-
--energy,water,resources,
-environment,waste,sustainability.

6. IMPLICATIONS OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
▪

7. ▪Changing
Context of
Buildings

8. VITRUVIUS-THREE PILLARS OF ARCHITECTURE

9. CHANGING CONSTRUCTION PERCEPTIONS

10. BUILDINGS-COST
-- Initial Cost
- Life Cycle- cost

11. WHAT CONSTITUTES COST OF BUILDING
Building cost viewed --both in -- short term & long term
Building cost also evaluated in -- Initial Cost & Life Time Cost
Short Time Cost includes-- Initial Cost – Cost of construction of building
Long Term Cost includes-- Initial Cost ,Cost of servicing, maintenance& operation, Disposal cost
Factors Impacting whole life Cost
 of building includes:
 --initial design cost
 --construction cost,
 -- on-going operations cost
-- maintenance cost ,
-- parts replacement cost
-- disposal cost or salvage value, and
-- useful life of the system or building
To promote economy in buildings– considering
Life cycle cost of building will be critical

12. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
▪. Life Cycle Assessment ; -- avoiding narrow outlook on environmental, social &
economic concerns of buildings
▪ best way to evaluate long term performance/impact of buildings
▪ Assesses cradle-to-grave - physical, social, economic, health, environmental impact
of building;
▪From extraction of raw materials to processing, - manufacture, distribution, use,
repair, maintenance, disposal or recycling
▪taken into account embodied energy,global warming potential, resource use,air
pollution,water pollution, and waste.
▪ Shifting from prescriptiveapproach--to scientific evaluation of actual performance
▪Understanding implications of embodied energy & other life cycle impacts
▪ – valuable for designing environmentally responsible buildings.

13. BUILDINGS-
LIFE CYCLE COSTS
Operating Cost 89%
Maintenance/
Consumables 1%
Initial Cost
10%

14. DESIGNING BUILDINGS
-Sustainable
-Development Goals
-Designing Sustainable
Buildings

15. SDG 11-MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE,
SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE

17. DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTING PASSIVE BUILDINGS
1.--Adopting integrated approach to Sustainable building design
2--Design based on Climate
▪Macro Climate – Regional climate;
▪ Meso Climate– local climate
▪Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
3--Orientation -- to optimize light , heat gain/ heat loss
4 Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
5 --Wind direction---using air movement for ventilation/ cooling
6. --Planning of Building-- optimize site, size, shape of building, planning of spaces, allocating uses, placing rooms,
circulation, promoting building efficiency, promoting natural sunlight, air / ventilation
7 --Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids/voids, positioning –openings/projections, shading
devices, height, shape of building, natural lighting and ventilations etc.,
8 --Materials- Materials used for buildings -- low embodied energy materials; made from industrial/ agriculture /C&
D waste, locally available; used in natural form, lightweight – long life- recyclable- reusable- requiring minimum
maintenance and cost effective,
9 --Technology- Cost-effective/Time-efficient/Material efficient/Speedier/Energy efficient/Qualitative/Durable/
Minimising waste/structurally safe/ nature friendly- Lean Construction
10 Manpower- minimize manpower needed for constructing buildings
11. Money for financing - construction - material/manpower/ machinery/technology - reduce cost of money
10 -Indoor Air Quality-Creating optimum living conditions for occupants

18. ▪Relevance and
Typologies of
Construction
Technologies
▪On/Off site

19. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY-RELEVANCE
Technology - application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
1. Construction technology-“Interplay of design, manpower, money, machinery, material, resources, software,
quality, durability, environment, ecology
-- Technology used during construction -- helps push Construction industry forward,
◼-- for driving advancement / innovation/ increase efficiency
◼ New Technologies--Modular construction, - prefab const , Modular Construction, Robotics, drone,Artificial
intelligence, 3D printing, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality etc
◼-- Empowering people to work smarter/ more efficiently.
-- Changing ways industry looks at --production / construction.- From Construction to Production of Buildings
--- Building parts of a project off-site,
--- to exact specifications and-
---- to Mass-produce pieces -- used repeatedly
--- taking Construction productivity to new level.
-- overcoming labour shortages - increasing speed of construction,- making construction economical,
-- promoting time- efficiency—Making buildings cost effective- Making construction safe
-- Addressing complicated /difficult situation -helping industry addressing larger challenges
-3. Technology--key to address major challenges & adapt to future.- making buildings lean, compact, smart,
-Cost-effective, time –efficient, energy efficient, qualitative, healthy, durable, eco-friendly, sustainable

20. TRADITIONAL ON -SITE CONSTRUCTION-ISSUES
▪Majority of construction in India follows;
▪-- traditional on-site pattern of construction.
▪-- Known as linearconstruction
▪ -- where every component constructed onsite &
▪ -- also completed before projectmoves to next phase.
▪--Construction technology has major implications in terms of
▪-- time;
▪-- cost,
▪--quality,
▪--safety,
▪ --noise,
▪-- pollution,
▪ --manpower
▪- Waste

21. TRADITIONAL ON -SITE CONSTRUCTION-ISSUES
▪ Highly time consuming-time intensive
▪Generating large scale waste- material inefficient- waste intensive
▪Construction dictated by prevailing weather - Weather dependent
▪Unsafe for workers deployed in construction.- safety Issues
▪Large manpower needed for making /supervision- manpower intensive
▪Large inventory of material- material intensive/Storage facilities
▪Creation of accommodation for workers deployed at construction
▪Loss/theft of material-- Constructed/Individual/human oriented
▪ Large variation in quality- dependent on work force deployed
▪Use lot of water/energy – resource intensive- Grey Buildings
▪Increased initial cost of construction- cost inefficient
▪Uneconomical in cost/resources- cost overrun
▪Delayed return / Unpredictable project schedule- Construction inefficiency
▪Limited application in hazardous areas
▪Large site disruption ;Adverse impact on surroundings- Pollution intensive;

22. ▪PREFABRICATION
-Technology for
▪BUILDINGS

23. PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS
▪Prefabricated buildings are ;
▪--buildings, designed /constructed in
factories in parts,
▪-- as per modular design,
▪- Transported & placed on site
▪--joined through in-situ concrete or anchors.
▪ numerous prefab technologies used in
India/ in different countries.
▪National Building Code of India,--
▪-- prepared design standards for
▪--various prefab Technologies being used in
India.

24. PRE-FABRICATION/MODULAR CONSTRUCTION/OFF-
SITE-ADVANTAGES
▪Building in Hazardous Area
▪Assured Quality Construction
▪Ensures Material Efficiency
▪Promotes Cost- Efficiency
▪Makes Construction Green
▪Provides Flexibility
▪Reduces Site Disruption
▪Promotes Time Efficiency
▪Improves Safety
▪Reduced Manpower

25. PRE-FABRICATION/MODULAR
CONSTRUCTION/OFF-SITE-ADVANTAGES
▪1.Building in Hazardous Area-----Advantages in remote area/disasters/ areas hit
by disasters where-
▪ accessibility/manpower/transportation of materials/time available problem -
-best option for construction in minimum time /cost.
▪--In hill areas with extreme climatic conditions--pre-fabrication helps in
creating well insulated structures/least susceptible to extreme outside
climate. -Leh, Ladakh, Lahaul, Spiti
▪2. Assured Quality Construction
▪ Constructing building components in industrial setting----- under highly
controlled environment -- involving lot of quality checks/ balances, --assured
uniform quality-- unlike site-built structures.
▪Modular buildings manufactured to code-making owners free from worry of
quality,-- saving of time/energy involved in supervision

26. PRE-FABRICATION-ADVANTAGES
▪3. Material Efficiency
▪Prefabricated buildings-- known for material efficiency --both onsite /off-site..
▪-- Eliminate onsite waste-- since material for construction arrives in finished state .
▪-- leaves/ creates very little waste --during the manufacturing, assembly, disassembly
▪---involves just putting together-- all components manufactured to approved design..
▪4.Cost- Efficiency
▪-- Large Capacity to promote economy /cost- efficiency,
▪-- generally achieved through; large discounts received from material suppliers,
▪-- reduction in construction time,
▪--- mass production of components and
▪-- economy achieved through standardisation,
▪---repetitive nature of operations and large scale operations.
▪--Reduction of wastage and in- house recycling of the extra materials
▪-- less storage cost ,
▪-- less material loss
▪-- saving on labour hours /manpower cost in construction
▪--without weather constraints and on-site/off-site-- work done simultaneously

27. PRE-FABRICATION--ADVANTAGES
▪5. Green Construction
▪-Modular buildings require less power consumption compared to traditional constructions,
▪-- Eco-friendly--- both in long / short-term.
▪--lower life cycle energy implications-- as compared to on-site construction
▪-- Minimum requirement of water --absence of onsite watering of brick/concrete
▪-- Energy efficiency-- achieved through using recycled materials
▪-- Resource efficient /greener construction process
▪-- reduced material waste/ pollution
▪--increased use of recycled materials
▪6. Flexibility
▪Flexibility --based on easy dismantling /Relocation of buildings to different sites,
▪ permit flexibility in building structure/ design –--by changing design of specific prefab
component.

28. PRE-FABRICATION--ADVANTAGES
▪7. Reduced Site Disruption
▪Traditional construction-- involves major site disruption
▪-- all building processes performed on site
▪ -- transporting/storage/mixing of materials/water storage/creating residential space for labour etc
▪--- Prefab construction --much of these disruptions taken away from site
▪-- factory manufacturing -- reduce traffic, equipment/ material suppliers around construction site.
▪ 8.Time Efficiency
▪-- Time efficient to build-- taking less than half time when compared to traditional construction
▪ --due to better planning, reduced site disruptions / quicker fabrication of multiple components.
▪-- Permits multiple projects simultaneously
▪--Reduced on-site construction manpower /supervision-- leads to construction efficiency.
▪-- Minimum operation for finishing on site-- including watering of concrete/ brick walls, seasoning of wood, painting
and polishing of wood/door etc, - which minimises time span for construction
▪
9.Safety
▪Promote safety of workers at site during construction
▪. Risks/ dangers posed by hazardous sites, weather, etc., neutralized
▪-- components mostly manufactured in a controlled/ safe environment

29. PRE-FABRICATION--LIMITATIONS
▪Monotony
▪Restricting additions and alterations
▪Reduced Re--sale Value
▪Roadblock in Financing
▪Accuracy and Precision
▪High Transportation Cost
▪Mass Production
▪ Skilled Manpower and Cost

30. FIRST PRE-FABRICATED BUILDING-CRYSRAL PALACE -LONDON

31. QUONSET HUTS, PRE-FABRICATED LIGHTWEIGHT

32. 500-ROOM DELUXE HILTON HOTEL IN SAN
ANTONIO FOR TEXAS

33. ▪Few Innovative -
Technologies for
▪Buildings

34. PRE-ENGINEERED/PRECAST FLAT PANEL SYSTEM
•Pre-engineered/Precast Flat Panel System involve
•--off-site production of floor and wall units
•--transported to construction site for assembly.

•Pre-engineering ensures-each panel designed precisely to
speed installation.
•
•Projects-that once took months
•--completed in weeks
•without sacrificing quality /durability.
▪ Technique advantageous-- for projects involving repetitive
designs-- residential complexes & commercial buildings

35. 1. PRE-ENGINEERED/PRECAST FLAT PANEL
SYSTEM-PRECAST WALLS

36. PRE-ENGINEERED/PRECAST FLAT/PRECAST
CLADDING/PRECAST STRUCTURAL PANELS

37. 2. INSULATING CONCRETE FORMWORK
(ICF) TECHNIQUE
•Insulating Concrete Formwork (ICF) technique-
•-perfect for achieving high thermal /acoustic insulation standards.
•Technology usedto create solid structures--that are energy efficient.
•Double-walled poly-styrene panels --(hard, stiff, Synthetic
resinproduced by polymerizationof styrene) filled with ready-mixed
concrete
•reduce heating & cooling costs,
•Ideal for soundproofing residential buildings in noisy urban areas.

38. INSULATING CONCRETE FORMWORK TECHNIQUE

39. 3. AUGMENTED REALITY& VIRTUAL REALITY-
•Virtual reality--puts you into digital worlds,
•-Augmented Reality --takes digital elements into physical world
•EnablesArchitects, Engineers, Contractors, Consultants-connect/ collaborate at every phase
of design & construction
•Since--AR --overlay of 3D digital building or-building component models --onto
real-world sites.
•Model allows--designers / builders to explore;
•-Design of Buildings
•-structural systems,
•-mechanical systems,
•-finishes, furnitureetc.,
•--present large opportunities-when combined with Building Information Modeling (BIM)
•AR -allows professionals to interact with fully-rendered 3D model of a building
•-before construction even begins.
•-Makes it easier to explain design to client
•-Technique enables--more accurate/ detailed planning .
•-helpsefficient allocation of resources--to avoid wastage.
•Detects Error early in construction,
•Reduces Cost,
•Improves Collaboration,
•Safety, Sustainability

40. VIRTUAL REALITY & AUGMENTED REALITY

41. VIRTUAL REALITY & AUGMENTED REALITY

42. VIRTUAL REALITYGOOGLE, SAMSUNG, APPLE/ FACEBOOK/ MICROSOFT/
WORKING ON TECHNOLOGY

43. 4. RAISED ACCESS FLOORING
▪Raised access flooring -a modular construction technique
▪Gained popularity for versatility & practicality,
▪Useful in commercial buildings &office spaces.
▪Having large number of services running across
▪Benefits businesses -that frequently update office layouts/ tech companies.
▪Involve installing elevated floor panels over an existing surface,
▪creating a hidden space for electrical wires, plumbing, and HVAC systems.
▪With an accessible underfloor area, maintenance and upgrades are simplified.
▪Additionally, raised access floors can be easily reconfigured.

44. RAISED ACCESS FLOORING

45. 5. 3D VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
▪3D volumetric construction involves
▪- creating complete three-dimensional building sections in a
factory setting,
▪- transported to site for assembly.
▪-Helps reductions in construction time
▪- Minimising waste produced on-site.
▪requires fewer on-site workers
▪ can be completed in any weather conditions,
▪ effective for projects with tight deadlines
▪- having shortage of labour

46. 5. 3D VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION

47. 6. HYBRID CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
▪Hybrid concrete construction combines--efficiency of precast concrete
elements
▪with flexibility of in-situ concrete construction.
▪Technique accelerates building process,
▪reduces costs,
▪enhances a building's structural performance.
▪Construction teams tackle a wide range of projects
▪-by using precast components for the most repetitive elements and
▪-in-situ concrete for-more complex/ site-specific parts.
▪valuable in large-scale infrastructure /commercial projects-where time
budget constraints are critical.

48. 6. HYBRID CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

49. THIN JOINT MASONRY
▪Thin joint masonry
▪--a construction technique--that optimizes process
▪-by using less mortar between layers of concrete blocks.
▪--Speeds up wall-building process
▪--results in stronger, more thermally efficient walls.
▪--Using a high-strength, quick-setting adhesive mortar
▪-Makes buildings weather-tight in lesser time ,
▪--enabling interior work to start earlier.
▪A thin joint masonry --excellent option for residential
construction,
▪-where speed /energy efficiency --key considerations.

50. THIN JOINT MASONRY
▪.

51. THIN JOINT MASONRY
▪.

52. PRECAST CONCRETE FOUNDATION
▪Precast concrete foundations offer numerous advantages,
▪-speed , reliability & Quality
▪
▪Unlike traditional poured foundations,
▪precast versions --manufactured in a controlled environment,
▪ensuring consistent quality and
▪reducing adverse weather's impact on construction schedule.
▪Method is ideal for;
▪--regions prone to extreme weather conditions,
▪-allows for a --more predictable construction timeline
▪-ensuring superior durability.

54. TWIN-WALL TECHNOLOGY
▪Hybrid System of Wall System-Combines Qualities of erection,
speed of precast concrete-- with structural integrity of onsite
construction--Twin-wall technology combines benefits of
precast and in-situ concrete.
▪ Method involves using two precast concrete panels separated
by a void,
▪ filled with concrete on-site.
▪Results in highly durable / structurally efficient wall system
▪ Can be erected quickly-- suits multi-story buildings,
▪including residential, commercial, educational facilities

55. TWIN-WALL TECHNOLOGY

56. TIMBER FRAME
▪Timber framing -atraditional construction technique
▪upgraded applying modern engineering /sustainable
forestry practices.
▪frame uses-engineered wood products
▪-creating solid / aesthetically pleasing structures.
▪-method reduces building's carbon footprint,--wood
being renewable resource that stores carbon dioxide.
▪timber frame construction-quicker than traditional
methods-having element of work completed off-site.

57. TIMBER FRAME
▪.

58. FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION
▪Flat slab construction involves;
▪using thick, reinforced concrete slabs
▪supported directly by concrete columns without beams.
▪Results in a versatile and flexible space that is useful in commercial
&retail building.
▪Method also allows for;
▪-easier installation of mechanical and
▪electrical services and
▪greater freedom in architectural design.

59. FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION

60. ▪Innovative Technologies-
Affordable housing- Light
House Technology Mission
India-MOHUA

61. GLOBALHOUSING TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE -INDIA(GHTC )
MoHUA initiatedGHTC-Indiatoidentifyinnovativeconstructiontechnologies across
globeforhousingconstructionsector–cost- effective, sustainable,eco-friendly, and
disaster-resilient.
GHTC-India
54Innovative
Construction
Technologies
Shortlisting
Light House
projectswith6
selected
technologies
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban
AGARTALA,
TRIPURA
LightGaugeSteel
StructuralSystem&
Pre-EngineeredSteel
StructuralSystem
CHENNAI,
NADU
Precast
Construction
TAMIL
Concrete
System-
PrecastComponents
AssembledatSite
INDORE,MADHYA
PRADESH
Prefabricated
Sandwich Panel
System
LUCKNOW,
UTTARPRADESH
Stay in-place
FormworkSystem
RAJKOT,
GUJARAT
Monolithic
Concrete
Construction
System
RANCHI,
JHARKHAND
PrecastConcrete
Construction
System-3D Pre-
CastVolumetric

62. LIGHT HOUSE PROJECTS - INTENT
▪LHPsaremodelhousingprojectswith houses
builtwith
▪shortlistedalternate technology
▪suitabletogeo-climatic /hazard/conditionsof
region,
▪initiativeunder ClimateSmart Building
Program.
▪Projectsdemonstrate
▪-readytolivehouses
▪Constructed with speed,
▪Economical
▪Better qualityofconstruction
▪ Based on sustainability
CurrentlyLHPs’being implementedin
sixstates
-UttarPradesh,
- - Gujarat,
--Madhya Pradesh,
-Jharkhand;
-- Tamil Nadu;
-- Tripura
--under GlobalHousing Technology
Challenge (GHTC).
ProjectsInvolve
---- use of moderntechnology
--innovativeprocesses
--reducedconstructiontime
◼makingHousing
◼-more resilient/ affordable,
comfortable for poor.ClimateSmartBuildings|LHPRajkot|PMAYUrban

63. LIGHTHOUSE
PROJECTS
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban

64. ▪LHP- Rajkot-
▪ Monolithic Concrete Construction using Tunnel
Formwork

65. MONOLITHIC CONCRETE CONST.-TUNNEL TECHNOLOGY

66. WALLING MATERIAL CASE STUDIES, LIGHT HOUSE PROJECTS
Light House Project: Indore
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban
•PrefabricatedSandwich
PanelSystem
•Lightweightcomposite
wall,floor,and roof
sandwichpanelsmadeof
thinfiber cement/calcium
silicateboard
•Facecoveredboards
andthecore material
isEPSgranuleballs

67. INDORE-PREFABRICATED SANDWICH PANEL SYSTEM

68. PRECASTCONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
AND PRECAST COMPONENT
ASSEMBLY AT THE SITE
GAND05FLOORS
PRECAST DENSE
REINFORCED CEMENT
CONCRETE HOLLOWCORE
COLUMNS,STRUCTURAL RCC
SHEARWALLS,
T/L/RECTANGULAR SHAPED
BEAMS,STAIRS,FLOOR/ROOF
SOLID….
AACBLOCKSAREUSEDFOR
PARTITIONWALLS
▪LHP- Chennai-
▪Precast Concrete Construction System – Precast Components
Assembled at Site

69. CHENNAI-PRE-CAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

70. LUCKNOW LHP -PVCSTAYINPLACEFORMWORK SYSTEM

71. LUCKNOW-P V C STAY IN PLACE FORMWORK

72. ▪LHP-Ranchi Ranchi, Jharkhand
Precast Concrete Construction System – 3D Volumetric

73. RANCHI-PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION-3D,VOL

74. Light House Project: Agartala-Light Gauge Steel Structural
System & Pre-engineered Steel Structural System
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban
•LightGaugeSteelFramed
StructurewithInfillConcrete
Panels(LGSFS-ICP)
•Groundand06Floors
•Weightof LGSFS-ICPbuildingis
about20-30%lighter
LSGframesmanufactured
using numericallycontrolledroll
•formingmachineusingCAD
design

75. AGARTALA-LIGHT GAUGE STEEL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

76. ▪Need and Options
for Innovative
Construction
Technologies-

77. NEED FOR REDEFINING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
•Digital technologies- Globally transforming industries- ushering Fourth Industrial Revolution-
• for improved productivity, - achieving sustainability, reshaping skills & competencies needed
•However, construction industry continued operating with reliance on
• manual labour,-- mechanical technology, established operating / business models. Productivity has
stagnated
•Digital technologies - gradually entering construction industry,
• changing how infrastructure/real estate / built assets designed, constructed, operated /maintained.
•Those technologies include;
•Building information modeling ; Prefabrication, ;Wireless sensors,
• Automated and Robotic Equipment, and 3D-printing.
•Construction industry accounts for-- 6% of global GDP
•Employs more than 100 million people worldwide.
•Within 10 years, full-scale digitization in construction sector -could help in;
i. Providing Economic /social benefits
ii. Saving 12-20% in cost-- between $1 trillion - $1.7 trillion annually
•Besides overcoming challenges posed by;
i. Fast urbanization, ii. Minimising impact of Climate change,
iii. Overcoming Resource Scarcity and iv Overcoming Growing Talent Gap

78. SIX KEY WAYS TO THRIVE AMID DISRUPTIONS
▪Based on studies made by--World Economic Forum& Consulting Group & 30 leading construction experts
suggested that--;
▪Players in Construction industry prepare Strategically – architects/ engineers/ material
suppliers/contractors/operations/ maintenance companies –-- to survive /thrive amid disruptions new technologies/
trends could cause.
▪Understand use of Innovative Technology--Building in a virtual world--Artificial intelligence (AI); Software
systems & Autonomous Construction Equipment- to replace most manual work in engineering/construction
▪•Move from Onsite to offsite-.Construction activities move largely to factories/industry --uses lean principles/
advanced manufacturing processes --to pre-fabricate modules -- later assembled on-site.
•Involve Sustainable Practices/Technologies;.Construction industry should include sustainable technologies/ new
materials to meet tough environmental regulations
▪Attract new talent & build up required skills– Construction Industry requires talent- with substantially different
skills than today's workforce -- adequate upskilling processes largely not in place.
▪•Integrate & collaborate across construction industry’s value chain– construction industry move from
disintegrated / fragmented value chain-- to seamless data flows -- achieving integrated systems in future
scenario.
•Move from Manual to Mechanization– Construction industry to move from manual labour and slow
mechanical technologies-- to adoption of new faster advanced technologies.

79. AUSSIE BRICK-LAYING ROBOT WORKING 20
TIMES FASTER THAN HUMAN BEING

80. UK CONSTRUCTION SECTOR TO EMPLOY 5,000 DRONES BY 2030

81. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

82. STAY LEAN WITH CLOUD BASED TECHNOLOGY

84. APPROPRIAT TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONSTRUTION

85. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
▪
--
originally Known as--intermediate technology
▪ – evolved by economists Ernst Friedrich Schumacher ”
▪--Known for his work-Small Is Beautiful--Outcome of energy crisis of 1970s
▪--Appropriate Technologies/ technologicalchoice made applicable- should ;
▪--focus on solving local issues
▪-- Involving local knowledge/skill/
▪- Finding local solutions
▪- focusing on environment / Sustainability Issues
▪-- focus on affordability
▪-- remainlabor-intensive,
▪-- promote energy-efficient,
▪-- remain environmentally friendly
▪-- remain people-centric.
▪--Mahatma Gandhi-- often cited as --"father" of appropriate technology movement.

86. RAT TRAP BOND-MASONRY
▪Rat trap bond--ArchitectLaurie Bakerintroduced --in Kerala in 1970s
▪-- brick masonry method of wall construction, in which;
▪-- bricks placed in vertical position
▪- instead of conventional horizontal position
▪-- creating a cavity (hollow space) within wall. -- used extensively
▪-- lower construction cost,
▪--reduces material
▪-- provide better thermal efficiency
▪--than conventional masonry wall
▪--without compromising
▪- with strength of wall

88. MORE TECHNIQUES

89. BRICK ARCHES-DIFFERENT SHAPES, ECONOMICAL/ RCC, NEED FRAME, STANDARDISATION/MODULE BASED ON SMALLEST

90. CORBRLARCHES-NO SUPPORT, BRICKS PROJECTEC-LARGE SPAN COULD BE COVERED

91. MORE TECHNIQUES

93. BRICK JALLI

94. BRICK JALLI

95. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
In rural Nigeria, a few creative visionaries have
created something called bottle brick technology that
allows them to build strong structures using water
bottles and soil.

98. ▪Hudco - Building
Centres

100. HOLLOW BLOCKS
Hollow blocks allow ;
-Adoption of thinner walls
- Increased floor space,
- Air space of -- 25% block’s
total area,
-Saves material.
- Lightweight
-- Less self-load of building-
--- Use less material for
jointing
-- Withstand earthquake
better
- - Easy to install
- -- Since blocks are
precast,
-- surface is smoother
-- requires lessplastering
material.
.

102. GREEN MATERIAL-FLY ASH BRICKS-ADVANTAGES
▪ Reduced Embodied Energy: using Fly ash- lime-
Gypsum bricks-- 40% reduction in embodied energy
of masonry.
▪• Environment Friendly: Fly ash brick uses unfired
Fly Ash technology -- CO2 emissions in
manufacturing process limited..
▪• Excellent Thermal Insulation: The buildings using
fly ash bricks -- cool in summers and warm in
winters.
▪• Fire Resistance: very high-- as these bricks
composed of fly ash as its major constituents, which is
un-burnt residue of the coal fired in a thermal power
plant.
▪• No Efflorescence: Fly ash bricks resist salt and
other sulphate attack, ensuring no efflorescence in
structure.