APT Seattle - Dr Yasmeen Lari's Keynote Speech Presentation - 2023

Dr Yasmeen Lari's presentation for her keynote speech at APT Seattle 2023

1. Dr Yasmeen Lari SI HI Fukuoka & Jane Drew Prize Laureate, Royal Gold Medalist Visiting Professor, University of Cambridge Co-Founder and CEO, Heritage Foundation of Pakistan APT CONFERENCE Seattle 12 October 2023 Lessons from Global South : Community Engagement for Decolonization and Decarbonization of the Built Environment

2. A World Beset with Fragmentation & Disruption Global warming GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions Recurring disasters Climate emergencies C limate - migrants C onflict-impelled refugees 3 billion homeless – 33 million in Pakistan Vast populations below the poverty line – 110 m. in Pakistan All requiring innovative design solutions for unmet needs of the poor.

3. Importance of Justice & Moral Integrity “ Justice … is far more important than the acquisition of wealth" ”Excessive wealth disrupts and destroys moral integrity and internal harmony in individuals and societies .” - 5 th c. BC Greek philosopher Plato

4. Must Architects Wait for Commissions? Must we continue to wait for commissions for iconic structures just because the profession has traditionally awaited patronage: The sophisticated Medicis of Florence The unscrupulous robber barons of Colonial powers The eco-indulgent merchant princes of Industrial Revolution The present day’s exploitative multinationals that promote high-carbon lifestyles. What about seeking design opportunities for fulfilling unmet needs of communities – affordable, humanistic, climate and eco smart - for good of humanity and the planet .

5. Role of Architects in a Changing World Should architects continue to be an instrument in the hands of the privileged ? Must we continue to create megastructures for elite clients – rich property owners and corporate sector? Should we worry about the harm to the planet when 40% of the emissions are kmown to be due to present construction methods?

6. Lari’s High Carbon Corporate Architecture-1980s PSO House. A Fortune 500 Company at the time. Finance & Trade Centre. The largest building of its time in Pakistan.

7. Tangible Heritage Bronze Age Mohenjodaro & Mehergarh Hindu, Buddhist & Gandhara and Sikh Monuments Sultanate Period Sites Mughal Palaces, Forts and Paradisal Gardens British Colonial Period Intangible Heritage Sufi traditions & Spiritualism Folklore Folk Traditions Oral History Diverse Crafts Vernacular Heritage Use of renewable materials Local sourcing Ease of handling Economical in use Usage based on age-old wisdom Diverse Cultural Heritage of Pakistan

8. Wind-catchers for directing cool air . Windcatchers atop mud plastered walls . Publication by Yasmeen Lari 1983. Wind Scoops - Ze ro Energy Wind Cooling

9. Peshawar - Ze ro Energy Indoor Climate Control Controlling microclimate with introverted courtyards.

10. Ponds and fountains to cool warm air passing over pools of water. M ughal Lahore - Z ero Energy Water Cooling

11. Organic morphology Pedestrian streets Low rise, medium density planning Mixed 24 hour cycle Zero/low energy Natural cooling Passive solar design Courtyard planning Subterranean chambers Water mass cooling Semi public spaces Traditional Urbanism: Walled City of Lahore

12. Promoting Low Carbon Enclaves Compact cities . Low-rise medium-density mixed-use development . Vehicle free, walkable pollution-free enclaves . Greenery, forests and water bodies for environmental cooling . Low impact hybrid architecture seeking net zero solutions.

13. Flooding in Karachi

14. Karachi: Urban Blight & Densification

15. 40% of world energy 16% of world’s water usage 3 billion tons of raw material 15-20% of waste stream Energy Requirement Steel 1600-1800 c Portland Cement 1450-1550 c Ceramic brick 800-1000 c Lime 800 c Building Industry Consumption ( Worldwide ) Portland cement 5-8% of global carbon emissions ( Ramboll / Bath U) Steel production 5% of greenhouse gas emissions (MIT News 2013) Environmental Impact of Construction

16. Street in Karachi’s Historic Core

17. Prevent use of cement and steel Restrict motorized vehicles for clean air Prevent demolition of historic buildings Avoid new construction Stop construction of multistorey buildings Take ownership of your street as eco street Plant Miyawaki style forests for carbon absorption Use terracotta pavers for cool environment Use of sponge pavements to absorb rain water Placement of aquifer wells for flood prevention Introduction of biodiversity through plantation. BATTLING CLIMATE CHANGE In URBAN CENTRES REDUCE CARBON - CONSERVE WATER

18. Denso Hall Rahguzar Karachi’s First Eco Enclave No to cement No to steel Steel No to Cement Yes to Terracotta Yes to Biodiversity Yes to Water Conservation

19. Use of Slaked lime Quality of lime Reduced carbon footprint Miyawaki Dense Forests 1 2 3 4 2 Food Courts Porous Pavements & Aquifer pits Unloading Bay Permeable Terracotta Cobbles Entry Entry Emergency Services Emergency Services 12 Notified 19 th c. Heritage Assets Pushcart Court Porous Pavement 12 Heritage Structures 4 Miyawaki Dense Forests Pedestrian Walkways 1 Assembly Court 1 Food Court 1 Pushcart Court 7 Acquifer Wells Open air Cafes Open air Cultural/ Creative Activity Areas Denso Hall Rahguzar - Heritage Eco-Enclave, 2020

20. Degraded Urban Environment into eco Quarter Street condition in 2020 The same street 20 months after completion. Before After

21. Before After Zero Urban Blight

22. Denso Hall - Regeneration of 19 th c. Historic Core State of historic Denso Hall in 2020 20 months after implementation. Before After

23. Views of Landscaped Eco- Enclave

24. Climate Smart eco-Enclave Attributes No vehicles: no fumes, reduced air and noise pollution. Overhead electric cables, tall equipment removed: no visual clutter . clean heritage facades. 600 trees in 4 forests: improved air quality, increased biodiversity. Cleaner sea breeze, healthier environment.

25. Before After Flood Prevention

26. Components Leading to Zero Flood Sponge Surfaces Terracotta Cobbles Aquifer Wells Miyawaki Forests

27. Climate Smart Water Conservation All rain water replenishes aquifer wells . Porous pavements help retain rain water . Local plant species for reduced water consumption . Dense forests for environ-mental cooling . Free sea air movement for reduced urban heat. Porous Pavements. 600 local species.

28. Eco Street Becomes cultural Venue Return of street cultural activities. KaravanKarachi 2000. Open air setting for showcasing Karachi’s diverse communities, culture & crafts. Arts activities e.g. theatre, dance, music, pavement artists, book reading, crafts etc. Focus on women, youth and children.

29. Female college students fabricating a zero carbon structure in the street. Eco Enclave Propagates Zero Carbon Construction

30. Barefoot in Pakistan

31. Barefoot Social Architecture (BASA) for social and ecological Justice, Ownership, Dignity & Pride Through Women Centred Approaches

32. 1. Maximizing the potential of existing ‘ Barefoot Ecosystem ’. 2. Focus on social and ecological justice through humanistic architecture fostering pride, dignity and wellbeing, also preventing depletion of the planet’s resources. 3. Delivery of unmet needs – Barefoot Incubator for Social Good and Environmental Sustainability for training in self building/co-building and affordable products for unmet needs of BOP . 4. Low tech, low Impact ,non-engineered structures for shrinking ecological footprint – using green skills and sustainable, locally sourced materials . Tenets of Barefoot Social Architecture (BASA)

33. lari’s Palette of Zero Carbon Materials

34. Zero Carbon Non-Engineered Construction 40,000 Shelters 2012-2014 (with IOM) Cost €100 /unit World’s Largest Zero Carbon Footprint Shelter Program No Carbon Emissions No trees felled 1750 Villages covered 300,000 persons housed Materials Used Locally Sourced Clay Low-energy Lime Renewable Bamboo

35. Architecture As Enabler of Identity

36. Socializing around elevated earthen Pakistan Chulah . Self built, Zero cost to donor product. Section . Pakistan Chulah . Isom Pakistan Chulah stove . Women’s Dignity – Earthen Pakistan Chulah Stove 200,000 SELF FINANCED, SELF BUILT EARTHEN STOVES BY RURAL HOUSEWIVES @ Rs. 3,000/€10

37. IMPACT OF FLOOD 2022 33 Million Displaced 3 Million Households Shelter less & Food Insecure 10 Million Children Exposed to Disease Thousands of Hectares of Standing Crops Destroyed. 1/3 of Pakistan Submerged

38. Post Disaster Survival only possible if we aim for Zero Poverty, Sustainability and Resilience of Communities. Using 12 SDGs

39. Unsustainable International Colonial Charity Model Charity , although in good faith, fosters dependency and robs the receiver of self esteem. Promotion of alien imagery and expensive materials, cannot be replicated; is culturally and environmentally damaging. Lack of appropriate knowledge and tools allows limited assistance. Women are invariably left behind even though worst sufferers during disasters. High administrative cost of disbursement of aid allows only a fraction to reach affected households

40. CLIMATE CHANGE DISASTERS Impact Rise in Poverty Levels Increase in Vulnerability Food Insecurity Loss of Crops and Farm Produce Loss of Livestock Destitution Loss of Habitat Displacement

41. Rise in Poverty Levels Increase in Female Food Inserucity Rise in Poverty Levels Increase in Female Food Inserucity PAKISTAN DELUGE 2022 TARGET: ZERO POVERTY THRU DISASTER- PREPAREDNESS Decarbonize Development Utilize Untapped Resources Develpment for the People by the People Avoid Displacement at all cost

42. Nurture local women with potential to lead social change . Craft innovative methodologies to achieve set goals. Assure adequate return for BEEs tasked with dissemination Ensure systematic checks for quality output . GUIDING PRINCIPLES Create a purpose driven, sustain-able model with surety for replicability and scaling up. Identify unmet needs of BOP to ensure better quality of life . Design affordable products using local resources i/c waste. Train local BEE workforce for efficient, speedy delivery

43. Economic Model for Decolonized Development and Humanistic Humanitarianism Barefoot Resource Economy

44. Zero Carbon/ Zero Waste/ Zero Donor = Zero Poverty Utilizing Available Resources Pride, Self Reliance, Zero Charity Affordable, Replicable, Sustainable Utilizing People’s Strengths Knowledge Sharing/ Capacity Building Community Strengths Components Barefoot Resource Economy v

45. Knowledge sharing Utilizing Available Resources Own labour Household savings Time Land potential Local skills Local materials Water potential Debris & Waste Traditions Abundant/ Available

46. Pride, Self Reliance, Zero Charity Use of ubiquitous zero carbon earth Fuel: Cow dung and dry leaves Self-built by housewives Low cost & affordable Creative decoration shows pride WORLD FAMOUS ZERO CARBON PAKISTAN CHULAH STOVE

47. Disaster-resilient Preparedness Structures Earthen Platforms - Dining, Storage Pakistan Chulah stoves Platform Water Pumps One Room Houses Eco Toilets EARTH, BAMBOO PRODUCTS Affordable, Replicable, Sustainable

48. Lari Barefoot Academy (LBA) for training Training provided by master artisans Trained BEEs provide guidance Families learn by doing Self built structures Incremental BEE TRAINING BY LOCAL ARTISANS Knowledge Sharing, Capacity Building * BEE Barefoot Eco Entrepreneur

49. Utilizing People’s Strengths Local artisans (BEE) imparting skills BEEs earn by charging a small fee Those in need receive help gratefully Culture of ‘Giving’ of ‘another’ kind Empathy, solidarity, generosity IMPARTING SKILLS TO EACH OTHER * BEE Barefoot Eco Entrepreneur

50. Maximizing Community Strengths Coming together to deal with adversity Using strengths of tradition Using design/creativity attributes Working together for co-building Using age-old traditions COMMUNITY COMING TOGETHER TO DEAL WITH ADVERSITY

51. Target: Rehabilitation of 500,000 Households / Year HOLISTIC MODEL self sufficiency at sponsorship of €140 /household includes based basic needs, food security, flood mitigation measures and livelihoods. Only 3,000 households could be rehabilitated due to absence of humanitarian players. 2. ZERO DONOR MODEL by mobilizing meagre resources of communities has resulted in a surprising Stage I: Food security for 200,000 households in 6 months , other stages of fulfillment of basic needs, incremental development etc. are on track. Any shortfall in 2023 will be made up in 2024. 12’x10’ room inccremental house, built by households.

52. Holistic Model: Self Sufficient Zero Carbon Sustainable Rehabilitation Cost: Rs. 42,800 0r €140 /Household STAGE I: FULFILLMENT OF RIGHTS BASED NEEDS IN ONE MONTH Self built One room house, Pakistan Chulah stove for clean food, and shared eco toilet, supply of shared water handpump and shared solar panels. STAGE II: FOOD SECURITY IN 2 MONTHS Self grown vegetables, fish, chicken and eggs. STAGE III: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS in 2.5 MONTHS Aquifer wells, earth wall barriers, bamboo fence barrier, community forests, porous pavements and regenerative farming with ground cover STAGE IV: Barefoot livelihoods in 3.5 Months Zero carbon enterprises for affordable low cost products fulfilling unmet needs of the poor.

53. Stage I: Rights Based Needs ____________________________ Bamboo LOG shelter (1 per H/H) ____________________________ Instant eco-toilet (1 for 2 H/H) ____________________________ Handpump (1 for 8 H/H) ____________________________ Solar light (1 for 12 H/H ) ____________________________ Pakistan Chulah Stove (1 per H/H) ____________________________ __________________________________ Vegetable farming __________________________________ Farming on Earth Platforms __________________________________ Milk and butter __________________________________ Fish breeding __________________________________ Chicken and eggs __________________________________ Stage II: Food Security Holistic Model Stage I in 4 weeks & II in 6 weeks

54. Holistic Model Stage III in 10 weeks & IV in 20 weeks STAGE III : FLOOD BARIERS AT VILLAGE BOUNDARY Aquirer wells Earth boundary Bamboo barrier Miyawaki D ense forest Porous paths STAGE IV: BAREFOOT LIVELIHOODS Household

55. Holistic Model Bamboo Prefab Self Built one room House 1. Prefab bamboo skeleton erected in 2 hours. 2. Immediate enclosure with reed matting. 3. Personalized with earth plaster and decoration .

56. Holistic Model Village – Views After Six Months

57. ZERO DONOR MODEL for Sustainable Rehabilitation FOR PRIDE CONFIDENCE AND DIGNITY It utilizes humanistic humanitarianism ( Benevolence, Empathy, Solidarity ) devised under Lari Barefoot Social Architecture (BASA) which maximizes the POTENTIAL IN POVERTY through the mechanism of PFP or By the People for the People.

58. MISSION The Zero Donation or Zero Donor model is designed to create access to unmet basic needs and ecologically and socially just environments through guided utilization of meagre resources of destitute communities left bereft after Pakistan Flood 2022. SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES All processes are based on Zero Carbon, Zero Waste techniques which utilize the debris, agricultural waste and food waste in the area, along with water maximization techniques to deliver low cost, affordable and sustainable products. ZERO DONOR MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE REHABILITATION 4 ZEROS: Zero Carbon / Zero Waste / Zero Donor = Zero Poverty

59. ZERO DONOR MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE REHABILITATION Flood Mitigation & Forests Rs. 1,333/family $ 4.73/family Savings: Rs. 45/day $ 0.16 /day STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 Attaining Food Security Rs. 600/family $ 2.13/family Savings: Rs. 40/day $ 0.14 /day Basic Needs Fulfillment Rs. 7,050/family $ 25/family Savings: Rs. 80/day $ 0.28 /day Incremental Development Rs. 3,016/family $ 10.7/family Savings: Rs 70/day $ 0.25 /day Day 20-110 Day 115-160 Day 160-190 ZERO DONOR STAGES TOWARDS SELF SUFFICIENCY Day 1-15

60. Timeline & Savings/day STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 Food security, chulah stove Rs. 40/day $ 0.14/day Basic Needs Toilet, House Rs. 90/day $ 0.32/day Handpump Solar light Rs. 60/day $ 0.21/day Plantation Flood Prep. Rs. 40/day $ 0.14/day Day 30 Day 90 Day 150 Day 190

61. CHANGEMAKERS 3,500 Villages, 230,000 Families +450,000 F and M Total Population rising above adversity in 6 months: 1,050,000.

62. Ramoo Brigade Mirpur Khas Jeevan Brigade Mirpur Khas Alim Brigade Mirpur Khas Shahid Brigade Mirpur Khas Laljee Brigade Digri Bhanoo Brigade Jhuddo CORE COMPETENCY- Sharing Expertise - 14 Brigades 350 BEs earning 50,000 or €160 /month average Dharji Brigade Mirpur Khas RamChand Brigade Umerkot Mola Bux Brigade Digri Basheer Brigade Sanghar BhagwanDas Brigade Tando Allahyar Kanji Brigade Jhuddo Santosh Brigade Sanghar Pappi Brigade Mirpur Khas

63. BEs After Training Begin Earning Fees

64. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR SELF-BUILDING Preparing earth Making earth bricks Constructing Walls Making wall matting Making roof thatch Constructing roofs Preparing for Planting Plastering

65. LOCAL / NATURAL RESOURCES Cow dung Stagnant water ponds Thatch Local earth Matting reeds Bamboo Straw Ash from stoves

66. WASTE AS RESOURCE Brick bats, Doors/windows, old bamboo lengths, old matting, earth bricks used in new construction. Waste from Debris Food/Kitchen Waste End of season produce dehydrated for food, food scraps for composet, Stove ash for briquettes. Human & Animal Waste Fabric & Sacks Waste Toilet and solid waste into compost, cow-dung in variety of uses, chicken droppings as fisih feed, slaughter house waste as fertilizer. Leftover cuttings for craft fabric making, grain sacks for DRR protection. Agri/Farm Waste Damaged Oil Drums Sugar cane, banana leaves as compost, Wild grass for thatch, Reeds for mats, straw for plaster, Azzola compost. For making floating structures, Growing domestic Azzolla and Plants.

67. Generosity Empathy & Compassion Cooperation Readiness to Learn Desire to Achieve Improved LIfestyle Expertise Welcomed Re-Building Lives Together COMMUNITY STRENGTHS

68. Use of tradi- tional skills Ownership thru creativity Innovative use of common materials Conjuring up a garden Age-old crafts INTANGIBLE RESERVES

69. Women gatherings for training Plantations Construction Savings WOMEN IN THE LEAD

70. Self Built, Self Financed One room Masonry Houses One-room House Rs. 6,250/$22/unit . (Above) View of O ne-room House (Below) Section showing details.

71. 173,940 families 150,000 families 18,000 units 8,000 units 11,000 units 15,000 units 15,000 units 15,000 units 10,000 units 15,000 units 15,000 units 18,000 units DECEMBER 2023 GOAL Apr-Aug 23 Sep 23 Oct 23 Nov 23 Dec 23 COMMUNITY OUTREACH & FOOD SECURITY Rs. 600/family $ 2.13/family SELF BUILT TOILET CUBICLES Rs.2700/unit $ 9.6/unit SELF BUILT ONE ROOM HOUSES Rs. 6,250/unit $ 22.21/unit 59,340 families 65,000 families 65,000 families 65,000 families 428,280 families 67,000 units 73,500 units Rs. 104m $ 369k Rs. 35m $ 124k BEE Earnings Rs. 39m $ 138k Rs. 39m $ 138k Rs. 39m $ 138k Rs. 256m $ 907k TOTAL BEE Sales Rs. 48m $ 170k Rs. 21m $ 76k Rs. 30m $ 106k Rs. 40m $ 143k Rs. 40m $ 143k Rs. 179m $ 638k BEE Sales Rs. 94m $ 334k Rs. 63m $ 223k Rs. 94m $ 334k Rs. 94m $ 334k Rs. 112m $ 398k Rs. 457m $ 1.63m

72. Thank you! IMPLEMENT FOUR ZEROS Zero Carbon, Zero Waste, Zero Donor leading to ZERO POVERTY for Saving the Planet and Saving Humanity Through Humanistic Humanitarianism and Barefoot Resource Economy Economic Model Thank You