Aquasomes

aquasomes preparation by u.sai kumar

1. AQUASOMES PREPARRED BY: U.sai kumar Roll no:170219886013 M.Pharmacy Branch : pharmaceutics SUBMITTED TO: DR. N.Mounica N ihajan D epartment of pharmaceutics

2. CONTENTS: Definition Introduction Principle of self assembly of macromolecule Method of preparation Applications

3. DEFINITION: Aquasomes are nano particulate carrier system but instead of simple nanoparticles these are layered self assembled structures comprised of a solid phase nanocrystalline core coated with oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are absorbed with or without modification.

4. INTRODUCTION: The aquasomes was discovered by Nir kossovsky It consists of solide crystalline core, carbohydrate core and active drug. It is spherical in shape and size of 60-300nm. Aquasomes are called as “Bodies of water” and their water property protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. These property maintain conformational integrity as well as degree of surface exposure made it successful carrier system for biological molecule like protien , peptides, hormones, antigens and genes to specific site of targeting

5. PRINCIPLE OF SELF ASSEMBLY OF MACROMOLECULE: Principle of self assembly of macromolecule is governed by three physicochemical process. they are: Interactions between charged molecule Hydrogen bonding and dehydration effect Structural stability

6. INTERACTION BETWEEN CARGED GROUP: Intractions of charged group facilitates long range approach of self assembly sub units charged group. It also plays a major role in stabilizing teritary structure of folded protiens . HYDROGEN BONDING AND DEHYDRATION EFFECT: Hydrogen bonding helps in base pair matching and stabilization of secondary protien structure .such as alpha helices and beta sheets.

7. In case of hydrophobic molecules due to dehydration effect they can self assembled. STRUCTURAL STABILITY: Structural stability of protein in biological environement determined by interaction between charged group and hydrogen bonds largely external to molecule and by vander waals forces largely internal to molecules. Vander wall forces are largely responsible for hardness or softness of molecule, vander wall interaction with hydrophilic side chain promotes stability of compact helical structures.

8. METHOD OF PREPARATION: By using principle of assembly aquasomes can be prepared by three methods. They are: Preparation of core Coating of core Immobilizaion of drug molecule

9. PREPARATION OF CORE: This stage depends upon selection of material for and its physical and chemical properties. This can be fabricated by sonication and collodial precipitation. For the core material, creamic material widely used,as they are structurally known. commonly used creamic core are Tin oxide, calicum phosphate. example: synthesis of nano crystalline tin oxide core material. This can be prepared by direct current reactive method and magnetron souttering .

10. Synthesis of nano crystalline brushite : This can be prepared by collodial dispertion , sonication by reaction of disodium hydrogen phosphate and calicum phosphate. Common features includes: Crystalline nature. They measure between 50-150nm. Exhibit clean and reactive surface.

11. CARBOHYDRATE COATING: It is second step involved in coating by carbohydrate on surface of creamic cores. Process of generall entail: Addition of polyhydroxy oligomer To a dispersion of core in ultra pure water Lyophilization excess of carbohydrates is removed by stir cell ultra filtration

12. Commonly used coating material are cellobiose , citrate, sucrose, pyrodoxial-5-phosphate. IMMOBILIZATION OF DRUG: The surface is modified nano crystalline core provide the solid phase of subsequent non denaturing self assembly for a broad range of biological active molecule. Drug can be loaded by partial adsorption.

13. APPLICATIONS: Used as vaccines for delivery of viral antigen. Aquasomes as red blood cells substitutes can effectively delivery the large, complex labile molecule, haemoglobin . Aquasomes for pharmaceutical delivery of insuline developed because drug activity is conformationally specific. bioactivity is preserved and activity increases to 60% compared to I.V adminstration and toxicity is not reported. Aquasomes are used for oral delivery of acid labile enzymes, serratiopeptidase.enzyme loaded aquasomes further protect by encapsulating in alginate gel.

14. Aquasomes are used in antigen delivery. These are also used in gene therapy. Aquasomes are used as oxygen carriers.

15. CONCLUSION: Aquasomes appears to be promissing carriers for delivery of broad range of conformational sensitive molecule better biological activity as it contain carbohydrate coating over creamic core. Molecular plasticizers, carbohydrate prevent destructive carrier interaction and helps to preserve spatial qualities and the crystalline natural core provide structural stability and overall integrity. This strategy may benificially extended to novel drug delivery of other bioactive molecule.

16. REFERENCES: Aquasomes : a novel nano carrier for drug delivery S.U wani *, U.yarawara avilable through International journal of pharmacy. Aquasomes : a novel carrier system. Sethi.pooja,Sharma.ankith , P atel shiv narayan and singhai a .k.l.n.c.p avilable through international journal of pharmacy and life sciences.2017 An overall veiw of nano carrier technology Shahabade gurraj.s , bhoshale ashok.v , muhthi swathi , s.bhoshale nilesh , r.khade prasanth.h , bhadane nishant.p Shinde sagar avilable on international journal of reasearch.2013

17. Aquasomes : an review by svarnalatha saraf , shiprof saraf , kav srivastava , pharmainfo.net, 2015 .