Aquatic adaptations in birds and mammals

semester presentation in barkatullah university, sept 2015.
by prachee rajput.

1. Aquatic Adaptations of Birds Aquatic Adaptations of Birds
and Mammalsand Mammals
Submitted bySubmitted by
PRACHEE RAJPUT PRACHEE RAJPUT
(M.SC 4(M.SC 4
thth
Sem) Sem)
Department of ZoologyDepartment of Zoology
and Applied Aquaculture,and Applied Aquaculture,
Barkatullah Barkatullah UniversityUniversity, Bhopal, Bhopal
(2015)(2015)

2. SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTIONChapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2. ADAPTATIONS IN AVES Chapter 2. ADAPTATIONS IN AVES
(morphological,anatomical,physiological (morphological,anatomical,physiological

Chapter 3. ADAPTATIONS IN Chapter 3. ADAPTATIONS IN
MAMMALSMAMMALS
(morphological,anatomical,physiological(morphological,anatomical,physiological
Chapter 4. CONCLUSIONChapter 4. CONCLUSION

3. IntroductionIntroduction
Aquatic Aquatic environments environments provide critical provide critical
habitat to a wide variety of habitat to a wide variety of species species . .
All 5 phyla of vertebrates possess All 5 phyla of vertebrates possess
species adapted to aquatic life; fish, species adapted to aquatic life; fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.mammals.

4. Morphological AdaptationsMorphological Adaptations

5. Behavioural AdaptationsBehavioural Adaptations

6. Adaptations of BirdsAdaptations of Birds
Morphological Adaptations:Morphological Adaptations:
Dense, waterproof feathers.Dense, waterproof feathers.
Wings used like flippers when in water.Wings used like flippers when in water.
Feet modifications(long, webbed)Feet modifications(long, webbed)
Anatomical Adaptations:Anatomical Adaptations:
NICTITATING membrane.NICTITATING membrane.
Nasal flaps.Nasal flaps.
Air pockets in the skeleton.Air pockets in the skeleton.
Physiological Adaptations:Physiological Adaptations:
Salt glandsSalt glands
Excess oil productionExcess oil production

7. Behavioural AdaptationsBehavioural Adaptations

8. Great Blue Heron =Great Blue Heron =
Wading birds occupy shallow-Wading birds occupy shallow-
water water habitats habitats in both fresh-water and in both fresh-water and
saltwater environments. They have saltwater environments. They have
long, thin legs that allow them to walk long, thin legs that allow them to walk
through water easily while keeping the through water easily while keeping the
rest of their bodies dry. Well-known rest of their bodies dry. Well-known
wading species include flamingos, wading species include flamingos,
cranes, herons, storks, and egrets.cranes, herons, storks, and egrets.

9. Webbed feet (duck)=Webbed feet (duck)=
Well-known diving birds include ducks, Well-known diving birds include ducks,
geese, swans, pelicans, and penguins. geese, swans, pelicans, and penguins.
Morphological adaptation=webbed feet for Morphological adaptation=webbed feet for
swimming and waterproof feathers. Salt-swimming and waterproof feathers. Salt-
water species also possess special salt water species also possess special salt
glands that help excrete the excess salt that glands that help excrete the excess salt that
results from drinking sea water.results from drinking sea water.
Diving birds associated with marine habitats Diving birds associated with marine habitats
also are called seabirds. also are called seabirds.

10. Behavioural AdaptationsBehavioural Adaptations

12. Anatomical Adaptations= valvular nostrils and Anatomical Adaptations= valvular nostrils and
an intranarial larynx exclude water while an intranarial larynx exclude water while
breathing and swallowing.breathing and swallowing.
Physiological Adaptation= high lactic acid Physiological Adaptation= high lactic acid
tolerance, shunting. tolerance, shunting.

Morphological Adaptation=Morphological Adaptation=Dorsoventral Dorsoventral
FlatteningFlattening
Allows the organism to stay close to the Allows the organism to stay close to the
substrate where there is a layer of still substrate where there is a layer of still
water. water.
Formation of blubber.Formation of blubber.
Nictitating membrane.Nictitating membrane.

14. Platypus:Platypus:
Webbed feet, short fur, Lacks external ears.Webbed feet, short fur, Lacks external ears.
Feeds on bethic invertebrates.Feeds on bethic invertebrates.
Bill covered with soft skin possessing many Bill covered with soft skin possessing many
electrosensors.electrosensors.
Broad flat tail used as rudder when diving & Broad flat tail used as rudder when diving &
surfacingsurfacing

15. ConclusionConclusion
Nature will always amaze us with its ever-Nature will always amaze us with its ever-
changing alterations and this can be well changing alterations and this can be well
established with the fact that even though established with the fact that even though
some species are made to fly in the sky and some species are made to fly in the sky and
some are made to walk on land but nature some are made to walk on land but nature
can compel both of them to dive into water can compel both of them to dive into water
and taste it and all this is because of only one and taste it and all this is because of only one
reason- the struggle for existence!reason- the struggle for existence!

16. REFERENCESREFERENCES
Alcock, J. Animal Behaviour: An evolutionary Alcock, J. Animal Behaviour: An evolutionary
approach. Sr. Assoc. Sunderland, approach. Sr. Assoc. Sunderland,
Masacheussets, USA.Masacheussets, USA.
Hinde, R.A. Animal Behaviour: A synthesis of Hinde, R.A. Animal Behaviour: A synthesis of
ethology and comparative psycology. ethology and comparative psycology.
McGraw Hill, NY.McGraw Hill, NY.
Aquatic Mammals by Alfred Brazier HowellAquatic Mammals by Alfred Brazier Howell
Vertebrate Zoology and Evolution by Yadav Vertebrate Zoology and Evolution by Yadav
and B N & D Kumarand B N & D Kumar
Internet sourcesInternet sources