Aquatic vertebrates

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1. AQUATIC VERTEBRATES Nguyen Phuoc Thi Ahn

2. FISH l ive in both fresh and salted water g enerally they are cold-blood vertebrates m ost of them breathe with gills, and have scales and fins 3 main parts of their bodies are: head, trunk, tail a n important organ for fish is the swim bladder , acts as a gas bag and control the fish’s depth. Changing the volume of the gas in the bladder helps the fish go up and down in the water have a sense organ called the lateral line helps the fish to feel nearby movements and changes in pressure reproduce by laying egg s

3. CARP Appearance: the skin is slimy and cover with scales. The slime on their skin aids in swimming and offers protection. They have streamlined bodies with 3 main part: head, trunk, tail. Their length are from 30-60 cm and weight 0.5-4kg, but some carp reach 15-20 kg. Eating habits: they feed on aquatic plants, algae, insects, worms, snails, aquatic crustaceans. They are omnivores. Life cycle: carp can spawn from May to August depending upon the climate. The females scatter their eggs in the water among the plants. An average-sized female carp can produce up to 300,000 eggs.

4. CATFISH Appearance: catfish have no scales. Its skin is slimy and greyish brown. It has a large, flat head and there are barbels on both sides of its mouth. Its body is rounded and its tail is flat and elongated. It can grow as 2 m. Eating habits: catfish is a carnivore. During daytime it stays at the bottom of the water. It hunts at night.

5. FRESH BREAM Appearance: The fresh bream usually has a 30-70 cm long body covered with silvery scales. Adults inhabit in backwater, shallow lakes and slow-flowing rivers. Eating habit: they feed on zooplankton, plants, small snails, worms and insects. They are omnivores.

6. AMPHIBIANS Animals that begin their lives in water, but develop to live on land as they grow. These animals are attached to ponds and rivers. Their eggs ad the young animals need water to survive. When the young amphibians live in water, they have gills to breathe and a tail with a fin to swim. Later, they lose the gills and fins and develop lungs and legs for their life on land. They are cold-blooded. Their skin is smooth and moist and hey also partly breathe through their skin. They hibernate in winter. Their body temperature drops and their heartbeat slows down. When spring comes, they come out of their hiding places.

7. EDIBLE FROG Appearance: the adults have thin, slimy skin, rich in blood vessels. They breathe through their skin because their lungs is not well developed. They have a camouflage colouring . Frog have a short body with a fused head and trunk. Their webbed toes help them to swim. They are good jumpers because of their long, powerful hind legs. Eating habits: they feed on small animals like earthworms, spiders and small insects. Their oral cavity works as an insect trap. To catch insects, their long, sticky tongue can be quickly flicked out of its mouth and then snapped back in. During winter, they hibernate in the mud at the bottom of the pond.

8. Life Cycle of a Frog after the eggs hatch, the tadpoles (young after the eggs hatch, the tadpoles (young frogs) live in water t adpoles have dark, oval bodies and a tail with a fin t hey breathe with gills. As they grow, they lose the gills and begin breathing with lungs. Most species also breathe through their skin g rowing tadpoles also lose their tail and eventually they develop legs , t hen they can leave the water to live part of their lives a n d land frogs) live in water. Tadpoles fin. They eggs hatch, the tadpoles ( y live in water. Tadpoles have dark, oval bodies and a tail with a fin. They breathe with gills. As they grow, they lose the gills and begin breathing with lungs. Most species also breathe through their skin. Growing tadpoles also lose their tail and eventually they develop legs. Then they can leave the water to poles have dark, oval bodies and a tail with a fin. They breathe with gills. As they grow, they lose the gills and begin breathing with lungs. Most species also breathe species also breathe through their skin. Growing tadpoles also lose their tail and eventually they develop legs. Then they can leave the water o l

9. GRASS SNAKE Appearance: their greyish brown body is long and muscular. It is covered with hard and dry scales to protect the snake while moving on hard or hot surfaces. As it grow, the snake sheds its skin several times a year. There are 2 light spots on the sides of their head. They are good swimmers, but also move quickly on land. Eating habits: snakes are carnivores. They eat rodents, birds, frog and other reptiles. As hey cannot bite, snake swallow their food whole. They have flexible jaw which allow them to eat larger portions than their head size. Senses: since most snakes have poor eyesight, they use their sense of smell and touch. Snakes smell with their tongue. Life cycle: the females lay eggs. Snake eggs have a soft leathery shell. They are incubated by the heat of the sun. The newborn snakes look like their parents. Snake hibernate in winter. They find shelter in cracks in the ground where he frost can’t react them.

10. Works Cited after the eggs hatch, the tadpoles (young frogs) live in water. Tadpoles have dark, oval bodies and a tail with a fin. They breathe with gills. As they grow, they lose the gills and begin breathing with lungs. Most species also breathe through their skin. Growing tadpoles also lose their tail and eventually they develop legs. Then they can leave the water to l https:// infovisual.info/en/biology-animal/life-cycle-of-a-frog Ocsenás , Mária and Tóth, Rita: Science Book 6