AR-202 WINDOWS ppt in building construction

windows

1. WINDOWS AR-202 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TERMINOLOGY TYPES OF WINDOWS DETAILS OF CASEMENT WINDOW

2. WINDOW A window may be defined as an opening made in a wall for the purpose of providing day light, vision and ventilation. The construction of window is identical to that of door. Window consists of a window frame and shutters. The frame consists of two vertical members called jambs, one flat, i.e. horizontal member connecting the jambs at top, known as head and another flat member connecting the jambs at their feet, known as sill. The shutter can be fully glazed, panelled and glazed or only panelled type. Windows are normally provided with two shutter leaves.

3. COMPONENTS OF WINDOWS

4. Head  – the main  horizontal component  that forms the  window frame’s top. Jamb  – the primary  vertical members  that make up a window frame’s sides. Frame  – the precise opening created by the head, jambs, and sill through which a sash of window fits. Pane  – a p iece of glass with a frame  inside a window frame. Sash  – a single styles and rails assembly that has been transformed into a glass-holding frame. Sill  – the main horizontal component that makes up the  bottom of a window frame . Mullion  – a vertical bar placed in a window’s space  between the glass panes. Transom  – a horizontal component placed between 2 window units. Muntin bar  – any small bar which separates the glass of a window. Also known as a windowpane divider or a grille. COMPONENTS OF WINDOWS

5. The selection of size, shape, location and the number of windows to be provided in a room depends upon the following considerations : Size of room to be lighted. Location of the room and its utility. Architectural treatment to be given to the building. Direction of wind and its speed. Climatic factors prevailing at the site such as humidity & temperature variation.

6. Types of windows:- Fixed window Casement window Single hung window Double hung window Pivoted window Sliding window Louvered or venetian window Sash or glazed window Awning window Bay window Clerestorey window Corner window Dormer window Gable window Skylight window Circular window

7. Fixed window:- A window that cannot be opened, whose function is limited to allowing light to enter. Only used for light and vision. No ventilation is possible through fixed window.

8. Pivoted window:- A pivot window is essentially  an ordinary casement window with another opening mechanism . Here, the casement - the movable part featuring the glazing - is not side-hung on hinges like a door. Instead, it pivots from the middle either vertically or horizontally from hinges mounted in the centre of the frame. The fittings used are pivots, cleats, latches and ventilating gear etc.

9. Single hung window:- A single-hung window, also known as a single-sash window, is a type of window with a lower, operable sash and an upper, fixed sash. This means that the bottom part of the window slides up and down, while the top part remains stationary. Single-hung windows provide ventilation through the bottom sash.

10. Double hung window:- This type of window frame consists of frame and pair of shutters, arranged one above the other. The shutters can slide vertically within the grooves provided in window frame. By provision of sliding, the window can be cleaned effectively and at the same time ventilation can be controlled effectively since the window can be opened at top and bottom at desired extent.

11. Casement window:- It is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges. These are hinged at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Windows having shutters which opens like door are called as casement windows. This has a frame consisting of styles, top rails, bottom rails and intermediate rails, thus dividing into panels. The window frame is made in the same manner as a door frame except that it has a sill at the bottom. The panels may be either glazed, unglazed or partly glazed and are fixed in the grooves made in rails and styles.

12. Sliding window:- These windows are made of shutters which move horizontally or vertically on small roller bearings. The shutters are of usual size. Suitable openings in the frame are left to accommodate the shutters

13. Is a type of window design that allows the window sash to swing outward rather than inward or up and down. Awning windows are designed to provide ventilation without letting in rain, etc.  Awning windows can be used alone or in vertical or horizontal groups in combination with additional awning windows, other types of windows, or above doors. Awning window

14. Louvered or venetian window:- Used for the sole function of ventilation and not for the vision outside. In this type of window the stiles of shutter are grooved to receive a series of louvers which may be of glass or wood. The louvers are usually fixed at 45 inclination sloping downward to the outside to run-off the rain water. The windows provide light and ventilation even if closed. Such windows are commonly recommended for bathrooms, WCs and other areas where privacy is the main consideration.

15. Sash or glazed window :- A sash window is a type of casement window in which the panels are fully glazed. The frame of each shutter consists of two vertical stiles, top rail and bottom rail. The panel space between the stiles and the rails is suitably divided by small timber members or bars placed both horizontally and vertically or only horizontally to suit the design requirements. These bars are known as sash bars or glazing bars. Thus the sash bars divide the total panel space of a window shutter into panels of small size. The glass panes are secured in position either by putty or by small fillets known as glazing beads.

16. Bay window:- Bay window projects outward from the face line of the wall or a building. The projection may be triangular, circular, rectangular or polygonal in plain. This gives extra floor area to the room and at the same time provides an additional space for admitting light and air into the room. A number of these windows might increase the architectural beauty of the entire house.

17. Corner window:- As the name suggests this type of window is essentially located in the comer of a room. This window has two faces in two perpendicular directions, due to this light and air is admitted from both directions. In addition such window serves as an architectural feature for improving the elevation of the building. However special lintel has to be casted over the window opening in case of these windows.

18. Dormer window:- A dormer window is a vertical window built in the sloping side of a pitched roof. This window is provided to achieve proper ventilation and lighting of the enclosed space below the roof. Dormer also provides architectural feature for the building.

19. Gable window:- A vertical window provided in the gable end of a pitched roof is known as a gable window.  Used to enhance the slope and add another point of interest to the facade. 

20. Skylight window:- It is a window installed on the ceiling of a home, bringing in light and views of the sky. Skylights are a great way to brighten up a space while ensuring privacy such as bathrooms. They also are a great addition to rooms without outside facing walls. Sky lights are provided with a view to permit the room below to be fully lighted with natural light. The opening for the sky light is made by cutting the common rafter suitably. The framework of sky light supporting the glass panels consists of an arrangement of trimming pieces, curb frame, bottom rail and top rail. The opening made for accommodating the sky light is properly treated by lead flashing so as to ensure complete water proofing of the roof surrounding the opening.

21. Clerestorey window:- Clerestory windows are windows that are installed high up on a wall, usually near the ceiling, to allow natural light into a building. They are also known as high windows or overstorey windows. Clerestory windows are primarily used to let in natural light and fresh air, but can also help maintain privacy.

22. Thank You