Architectural working drawing

For Students

1. ARCHITECTURAL
WORKING DRAWINGS
ARCHITECT SANJIB SENGUPTA

2. What is Architectural Working Drawing.
Isaorganizedtechnicaldrawingofabuilding(or
buildingproject)havingallrequiredinformationand
instructioningraphicalformtoenableustoerectthe
building/buildingprojectonsite/ground.Itiscalled
constructiondocuments(CD).Traditionally,working
drawingsconsistof2dimensionalorthogonalprojections
ofthebuildingorcomponenttheyaredescribing,suchas
plans,sections,elevations,details,schedulesand
specificationetc.Itisatoolofcommunication.Itislegal
foundationfortheproject.

3. Purpose of Architectural Working Drawing.
1.Todevelopadesignideaintoacoherentproposal.
2.Tocommunicatetechnicalinformationamongdesignandconstruction
teams.
3.Toprovideinformationforpreparationofstructuraldesignand
drawingsforfoundation,columns,beams,floorslabs,staircaseand
anyotherstructuralcomponentofabuilding.
4.ToprovideinformationforpreparationofAcousticDesign,Electrical,
HVAC,mechanical,FireFighting,Plumbing,Sanitary,external&
internalfinishandinteriorfurnishingetc.drawings.
5.Toprovideinformationforpreparationofspecificationsanddetailed
estimatesforcivil,acousticdesign,electrical,plumbing,horticulture,
landscape,sitedevelopmentetc.works.
6.ToprovideinformationforpreparationofBillofQuantitiesofvarious
itemsandmaterialstobeusedinconstructionofthebuilding.
7.Toguidethecontractor&constructionteam.
8.ToobtainapprovalofLocalSelfGovernment,FireDepartment,Urban
ArtCommissionandotherStatutoryAuthorities.

4. Purpose of Architectural Working Drawing.
(Cont----)
9.Toprovideinformationforpreparationoftenderdocument.
10.Toshowhowthedesignistobematerialized.
11.Toserveasreferenceforsupervisionofconstructionworksatsite.
12.Tostartandcompletetheexecutionoftheconstructionofbuilding
onthebasisoftheinformationgiveninthedrawing.
13.Toconveythedesignintenttothecontractorforbiddingand
construction
14.Topreparetheshopdrawing,tofabricatecomponentsoftheworks
ortoassembleorinstallcomponents
15.Tomakearecordofexistingbuilding/structureandcompleted
works.
16.Actasabasisfororderingmaterialsandcomponents.
17.Assistinthemeasurementofconstructionprogress
18.Recordsofcompletedworksandbuildingthat
alreadyexists.

5. How Architectural Working Drawing is prepared
Ismadeaccordingtoasetofconventions,whichincludeparticularviews(floor
plan,section,elevations,specificationsanddetailsetc.),sheetsizes,unitsof
measurementandscales,annotationandcrossreferencing,formaintainingthe
uniformityofdrawingintermsofscale,lineweight/thickness,linetype,sizeof
sheetandsymbolsetc.
WorkingDrawingmaybeverysimpleorverycomplexdependinguponthe
project.Thecomplexityofthedrawingisafactorindeterminingthesizeofsheet.
Ismadetoshowhowthedesignistobeimplemented,thereforeshouldgivethe
contractorexactlytheinformationheneedsandrelevantdata.
Traditionally,consistof2dimensionalorthogonalprojectionsofthebuildingor
componenttheyaredescribing,suchasplans,sections,elevationsanddetailsetc.
Includestitleblock,dimensions,notation,notes&symbolsconsistentwith
industrystandardssothattheirprecisemeaningisclear&canbeunderstood.
Specificationinformationcanbeincludedonworkingdrawingsorinaseparate
specificationsheet,butinformationshouldnotbeduplicatedasthiscanbecome
contradictoryandmaycauseconfusion.

6. Criteria of good Architectural Working Drawing.
1.AccuratelyDrawnwithappropriatesymbols,notations,conventions,
graphicalrepresentationandallrelevantinformation.
2.Informationshouldnotbeduplicatedasthiscanbecomecontradictory
andmaycauseconfusion.
3.Structuredanddimensionedwellcarefullysothattheyconvey
necessaryinformationtocarryoutparticularpartsoftheworks.
4.TheLayoutofthedrawingandtextonthedrawingshallbesuchasto
facilitatethereadingofdrawingandmakeitpossibleforessential
referencestobelocatedeasily.
5.Drawninappropriatescalelogicallyandneatlyarrangedandproperly
titled.
6.Standardabbreviations,Scheduleformats,Materialdesignations.
7.Requiredinformationforpreparationoftenderdocument.
8.Serveasreferenceforsupervisionofconstructionworksatsite.
9.Thescaleatwhichdrawingsarepreparedshouldreflectthelevelof
detailoftheinformationtheyarerequiredtoconvey.Differentline
thicknessesshouldbeusedtoprovidegreaterclarityforcertain
elements.

7. Layout of Drawings.
1.Thelayoutofdrawingsshallbesuchastofacilitate
thereadingofdrawingsandmakeitpossiblefor
essentialreferencestobelocatedeasily.
2.TheStandardarrangementsshallincludeall
relevantinformationandsufficientmarginsshall
beleftfromtheedgesoffinisheddrawingsto
facilitatefilingandbindingwherenecessary.
3.Margins,theprovisionofblankborderwillenable
printstobetrimmed,ifnecessary,withoutincurring
theuseofuneconomicalsizesofsensitizedmaterial
toallowfortrimming.
4.Thereshouldbemarkedwithzones.

8. Basic contents of
Architectural Working
Drawings
1.TitleBlock
2.SiteLayoutPlan
3.ColumnLayoutPlanincaseofframe
structurebuilding.
4.FoundationlayoutPlanincaseofload
bearingstructure.
5.Foundationdetails
6.ExcavationPlans
7.FloorPlansincludingbasementfloorif
any
8.RoofPlan
9.Elevations
10.Sections
11.ServicesLayoutplan
12.DoorwindowDetails
13.ElectricalLayout&HVACPlan
14.Plumbinglayoutplan
15.StructuraldetailsplanofFootings,
Columns,Beams,Slabs,Staircaseetc.
16.ToiletDetails
17.StaircaseDetailsincludinghandrail,
nosing,risers&tread
18.Kitchendetails.
19.Ironmongaries
20.ReflectedCeilingplan
21.TypicalDetailsofvariouscomponents
&elements,likecupboard,flooring
patternetc.
22.Specificationofvariousfinishesand
buildingmaterials
23.Shopdrawingswhereverrequired.
24.Beam-columnlayout
25.Brickworklayout
26.PHEdrawing
27.FireFightingdrawing.
28.Drainagesystem
29.Landscape,Horticulture,Circulation&
SiteDevelopment.
30.FurnitureLayout
31.AcousticDesign
32.AreaCalculation
33.Internal&ExternalColourScheme
34.Schedules.

9. Size of Drawing Sheet.
Sl. No. Designation Trimmed Size
In mm
Untrimmed
Size in mm
1. A0 841 x 1189 880 x 1230
2. A1 594 x 841 625 x 880
3. A2 420 x 594 450 x 625
4. A3 297 x420 330 x 450
5. A4 210 x 297 240 x 330
6. A5 148 x 210 165 x 240
Thetrimmedsizesareonthefollowingbasicprinciples
1.Twosuccessivesizesoftheseriesareobtainedbyhalvingordoubling.Consequently,
thesurfaceareasoftwosuccessivesizesareintheratioof1:2appx.
2.Theformatsorformsaregeometricallysimilartooneanother,thesidesofeachsize
beingintheratioof1:√2.
3.ThesurfaceareaofthebasicsizeA0isonesquaremetre

10. Title Block
1.Thetitleblockisanimportant
featureinadrawing,sinceit
facilitatesobtaininguniformityand
presentsindefinitemannerthe
detailsliketitleofdrawing,Job
Title,NameofOrganizationor
Firm,NameofArchitect,Nameof
StructuralEngineer,Drawing
Number,Scale,DateofDrawing,
NorthDirection,Datedinitialsof
TechnicalStaffpreparingchecking
thedrawing,RevisionPanels,Key
Plan,Notes,ListofReference
Drawings,Schedulesetc.
2.Thewidthoftitleblockshallbe
150mm.

11. Title Block ( contd.---)
StandardNotesinTitleBlock:
1.ThisDrawinghasbeenpreparedonthebasisofpreliminaryarchitecturaldrawings
bearingnumber_____________.
2.Alldimensionsarein“mm”unlessotherwisespecified.
3.Drawingnottobemeasuredonlywrittendimensionstobefollowed.
4.ThisdrawingshouldbereadinconjunctionwithrelevantArchitectural/structural
drawing.
5.ThesizesofColumnsandBeamsinthisdrawingareinaccordancewithStructural
Drawingnumber__________.
6.Anydiscrepanciesbetweenthisdrawingandcorrespondence/relatedstructural
drawingshouldimmediatelybebroughttothenoticeoftheArchitectbeforeexecution
andworkshouldnotbecarriedoutatsitetillthediscrepanciesarenotremoved.
7.Allexternalwallsare_____mmthickandallinternalwallsare_____mmthickBrick/
RCCwallsunlessotherwisespecified.
8.Thebuildingshallbeconstructedinfullcompliancewithallapplicablecodes,
ordinancesandregulationsaswellasthedrawingsandspecifications.Anycode
deficienciesinthedrawingsrecognizedbythecontractorshouldbebroughttothe
attentionofthearchitectforclarification.
9.AnyothernotesasdeemedfitbytheArchitectandrelevanttothedrawing.

12. Title Block ( contd.---)
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT SHEETNUMBERSANDSHEETORDER
UnitedStatesNationalCADStandard:
ComponentsoftheSheetNumber:-
•Therearethreecomponentsthatmakeupsheetnumbersinasetofconstruction
documents.Thefirsttwoletters,thedisciplinedesignators,identifytheconstruction
disciplinethatthesheetcovers-architecturalsheets,plumbingsheets,structuralsheets,
etc.Thethirddigit,thesheettype,isanumberthatrepresentsthetypeofdrawingsthat
areonthesheet-plans,sections,details,schedules,etc.Thefinaltwodigits,the
sequencenumbers,arenumbersthatsimplyplacethesheetsinorder.
•TheDisciplineDesignatorcanbeasingleletteroradouble-letter.Verylargeorcomplex
projectswillwanttomakeuseofthedouble-letterdesignationstohelpsub-divideeach
disciplinefurther.
•TheSheetTypesDesignatortakesthedrawingsofasingledisciplineandorganizes
them.Drawingsarealwaysorganizedfrommostgeneraltomostspecificorspecialized.
Sinceplansaremosthelpfultoseetheoveralldesignoftheproject,theycomefirst.
Elevationsandsectionsareabitmorespecificandcomenextfollowedbydetailsand
schedules,whicharethemostspecifictypeofdrawings.
•SequenceNumber,whichistwo-digitbetween01and99.Thesequencenumbersdonot
havetobesequentialsothatspacemaybeleftwithinthesetforfutureadditions.

13. Title Block ( contd.---)
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT SHEETNUMBERSANDSHEETORDER
Thefollowingtableindicatestheprimary(single)letterdesignationsthatmaybeusedandtheorderthatthe
disciplinesshouldtake.Inthiscase,ahyphenshallbeinsertedinplaceofthesecondarydisciplinedesignatorsothat
theformatremains.
Designator Name Additional Description
Cover Sheet
G General Sheet list, symbols, code summary, etc.
H Hazardous Materials Abatement, handling, etc.
V Survey / Mapping
B Geotechnical
C Civil
L Landscape
S Structural
A Architectural
I Interiors
Q Equipment
F Fire Protection
P Plumbing
D Process

14. Title Block ( contd.---)
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT SHEETNUMBERSANDSHEETORDER
Designator Name Additional Description
M Mechanical
E Electrical
T Telecommunications
R Resource Existing Condition/ Building
X Other Disciplines
Z Contractor / Shop Drawings
O Operations
TheSheetTypesdesignatortakesthedrawingsofasingledisciplineandorganizes
them.Drawingsarealwaysorganizedfrommostgeneraltomostspecificorspecialized.
Sinceplansaremosthelpfultoseetheoveralldesignoftheproject,theycomefirst.
Elevationsandsectionsareabitmorespecificandcomenextfollowedbydetailsand
schedules,whicharethemostspecifictypeofdrawings.

15. Site Layout plans
Siteplansusuallyshowtheextentofthesitebutnosurroundingdetail.
Recommendedscalesare:
1:500,1:200
Thefunctionofthesiteplanistoshow:
1.Thelocationoftheproposedbuildingorbuildingswithreferencetoabench
markandinrelationtosurroundingsoftheplot.
2.Thetopographyofthesite,withbothexistingandfinishedlevels.
3.ExistingBuildingstobedemolishedorremovedorretained.
4.Theextentofearthworks,included,cuttingandfilling,andtheprovisionof
bankandretainingwalls.
5.Roads,footpaths,hardstandingsandpavedareas.
6.Planting.
7.Thelayoutofexternalserviceruns,includingdrainage,water,gas,
electricity,telephone,etc.
8.Thelayoutofexternallighting.
9.Fencing,wallsandgates.
10.Thelocationofmiscellaneousexternalcomponents–bollards,litterbins,
etc.

16. Column Layout Plan in Case of Framed
Structured Building
Thumbrulestobefollowedforcolumnlayoutplanare:-
1.AlwaysPlanaColumnlayoutonaplanninggrid.
2.ColumnSpacing,i.e.DistancesbetweencolumnsinX
&YDirections.
3.ShowColumnnumbers.
4.ShowSizesofColumns
5.ShowAlignmentofColumns

17. Foundation Layout Plan in Case of
Framed Load Bearing Building
Siteplansusuallyshowtheextentofthesitebutnosurroundingdetail.
Recommendedscalesare:
1:500
1:200
Thefunctionofthesiteplanistoshow:
1.Thelocationofthebuildingorbuildingsinrelationtotheirsurroundings.
2.Thetopographyofthesite,withbothexistingandfinishedlevels.
3.Buildingstobedemolishedorremoved.
4.Theextentofearthworks,included,cuttingandfilling,andtheprovisionof
bankandretainingwalls.
5.Roads,footpaths,hardstandingsandpavedareas.
6.Planting.
7.Thelayoutofexternalserviceruns,includingdrainage,water,gas,
electricity,telephone,etc.
8.Thelayoutofexternallighting.
9.Fencing,wallsandgates.
10.Thelocationofmiscellaneousexternalcomponents–bollards,litterbins,
etc.

20. Foundation Layout

23. Elevation

24. Staircase Details

25. Floor and Parapet details

26. Electrical drawing.