Aristotle and archimedes

Facts about Aristotle and Archimedes :)

1. People of Science: Aristotle and Archimedes

2. Aristotle a “Philosopher and Scientist” Born on 384 BC in Stagira, Greece. Father: Nicomachus , Spouse: Pythias Education: Platonic Academy (367 BC – 347 BC)

3. EARLY LIFE Aristotle was born in Stagira, Chalcidice . His father Nicomachus named him Aristole , which means “the best purpose”. His father served as a personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon . When he turned 17, he shifted to Athens to pursue his education at Plato’s Academy . In 343 B.C after the death of his friend, Hermias . Philip II of Macedon invited him to become tutor of his son, Alexander . In 335 B.C he returned to Athens where he established his own school named Lyceum. For next twelve years he taught various courses at his school.

4. ARISTOTLE’S CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE Aristotle’s ‘chemistry’ was based on the system developed by  Empedocles  (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC ) Empedocles and Aristotle believed that all matter was the same, but it behaved differently according to the qualities present . Aristotle proposed a fifth element, aether , in addition to the four proposed earlier by  Empedocles. Aristotle believed that the four earthly elements moved in straight lines, but the ‘first element’ followed a perfect path, a circle, explaining why heavenly bodies followed circular paths around Earth. 

5. Biology Aristotle produced his own classification of life, placing animals in groups according to features the animals had in common. He called each of these groups a  genus  and identified 11 of these . He was the first scientist to write that dolphins are not fish. Geology Aristotle recognized that the earth’s surface features are not permanent: lakes dry up, deserts become wet, and islands may form as the result of volcanic eruptions. Areas that were once sea may become land, and vice versa . His treatise “Meteorology” provides evidence that he also studied earth sciences. By meteorology, he simply didn’t simply mean the study of weather. It also included extensive study about water cycle, natural disasters, astrological events etc.

6. Philosophy - Systematic concept of logic. - Inductive and Deductive Method Syllogism -> is a kind of  logical argument that applies  deductive reasoning  to arrive at a  conclusion  based on two or more  propositions  that are asserted or assumed to be true . - Metaphysics  He believed that in every change there is something which persists through the change a nd something else which did not exist before, but comes into existence as a result of the change.

7. Major Writings Categories On Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics On Sophistical Refutations Metaphysics Eudemian Ethics Nicomachean Ethics  

8. Summary Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis.

9. Archimedes Also known as “Archimedes of Syracuse” Mathematicians, Physicists, Astronomers Born on 287 BC in Syracuse Father: Phidias

10. EARLY LIFE Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC ). Heracleides (Archimedes’ friend) had written a biography on him but unfortunately this work had been lost and there is not much information available about his life . Sources reveal that he started his studies in the school that was established by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria, Egypt. After pursuing his studies, he went back to Syracuse to live in his native city.

11. DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS Archimedes’ Screw

12. Golden Crown/ Archimedes’ Principle

13. Calculation of Pi - π is the number you get when you divide the circumference of a circle by its diameter .

14. Claw of Archimedes

15. Heat Ray

16. An Annoying Mathematician Ignites Curiosity Far into the Future Two thousand years after Archimedes’ time, during the Renaissance and 1600s, mathematicians looked again at his work. They knew Archimedes’ results were correct, but they couldn’t figure out how the great man had found them.

17. End of his life Archimedes died in 212 BC when he was killed by a soldier from the Roman army, which was invading Syracuse at the time. The soldier did not know who he was, and unknowingly ended the life of one of the most brilliant minds the Roman empire could have used for its own benefit.

18. References Archimedes - https://www.reference.com/science/were-contributions-archimedes-field-physics-d33daa021076206a - http://www.famousscientists.org/archimedes/ - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes Aristotle - http://www.famousscientists.org/aristotle/ - http://www.sciography.com/aristotle.html - http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/aristotle-116.php - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/ - http:// www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415#early-life A historical Introduction to Philosophy of Science, 4 th Edition , John Losee , pp. 5-10