Arrival and expansion of british power in india

This PPT is based on Arrival and Expansion Of British Power In India. How they attacked India and how they captured our States.

1. Arrival and expansion of british power in india By- Ishank Sahu

2. The years after 1500 witnessed a scramble for power among different West European nations for the capture of various territories throughout the world, establish colonies and turn them into markets with huge prospects of revenue generation. It was for this purpose that the Portuguese, British, Dutch and the French came to India,

3. East India companies The European countries established their trading companies in the following chronology :- 1600 – English East India Company 1602 – Dutch East India Company 1628 – Portuguese East India Company 1664 - French East India Company

4. Carnatic Wars In the 18 th century, three war were fought between the French and the British for control over the coastal strip of the present day Tamil Nadu, known at that time as Carnatic. These wars came to be known as Carnatic Wars. The Carnatic region was under the possession of the Nizam of Hyderabad.

5. The First Carnatic War was fought when the French, led by Governor Dupleix, captured Madras, which was a British possession. However, Madras was restored to the British. The Second Carnatic War was fought over the issue of successors to the throne of Hyderabad and Carnatic, with the British and French supporting different candidates. This time French were defeated. The Third Carnatic War was fought in 1773. The seven years war in Europe rekindled the Anglo-French hostility in India. The French were defeated at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.After the end of the war in Europe, the British returned Pondicherry and Chandernagore to the French.

6. Battle of Plassey (ad 1744-1763) The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757. The battle established the Company rule in Bengal which expanded over much of India for the next hundred years. The battle took place at Plassey on the banks of the Bhagirathi River, about 150 km north of Calcutta and south of Murshidabad, then capital of Bengal. The belligerents were Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India Company.

7. When Alivardhi Khan died in 1756, Siraj-ud-daulah became the Nawab of Bengal. He ordered the English to stop the extension of their fortification. Robert Clive bribed Mir Jafar, the commander in chief of the nawab's army and attacked Calcutta. He defeated the Nawab at Plassey in 1757 and captured Calcutta.

8. Battle of buxar (ad 1757) The Battle of Buxar was fought on 23 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined army of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal King Shah Alam II. The battle fought at Buxar, then within the territory of Bengal, a town located on the bank of the Ganges river about 130 km west of Patna, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company.

9. Dual government (AD 1765) THE DUAL GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL f ollowing the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Robert Clive set up the infamous dual system of administration in Bengal where in the Com­pany acquired the real power, while the responsibility of administration rested on the Nawab of Bengal. Under the 'dual' or double government system, the Company got both the diwani (revenue) and nizamat (civil administration) functions of Bengal from two different sources-diwani from the Mughal emperor and nizamat from the nawab of Bengal.

10. The Subsidiary alliance The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General in India from 1798 to 1805. Early in his governorship Wellesley adopted a policy of non-intervention in the princely states, but he later adopted the policy of forming subsidiary alliances. This policy was to play a major role in British expansion in India. According to the term of this alliance, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed force . They were to be protected by the company, but had to pay for the 'subsidiary forces' that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection.

11. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. By the late 18th century, the power of the Maratha Empire had weakened in the Indian subcontinent, and India was left with a great number of states, most small and weak. Many rulers accepted the offer of protection by Lord Wellesley, as it gave them security against attack by their neighbors. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an alliance. Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to do so, but after the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state. The Nawab of Awadh was the next to accept the Subsidiary Alliance, in 1801. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Maratha ruler Baji Rao II also accepted a subsidiary alliance.

12. The Doctrine of Lapse The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced to expand British Territories in India. A Brainchild of the hardcore imperialist Lord Dalhousie, The Doctrine of Lapse clearly stated that a dependent/subsidiary state would pass into the British hands if the ruler died without a natural successor. The right to adopt children was not accepted. Satara, Sambhalpur, Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under this policy .