Arthritis.pptx

Arthritis is the Inflammation of one or more joints.Causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age.

1. ARTHRITIS DEFINITION Arthritis is an inflammation of joints.

2. ETIOLOGY Haematogenous spread. Directly through trauma or surgical instrumentation. Previous trauma to joints. Joint replacement. Coexisting arthritis. Weak immune system. Most commonly, it is caused by S. aureus .

3. TYPES OF ARTHRITIS The three common types are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. 1. Osteoarthritis: A condition in which the cartilage that protects and cushions joints breaks down resulting in damage to the tissue and underlying bone and causing painful joint symptoms.

4. 2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An inflammation of the membranes or tissues lining the joints, which may destroy the joint tissues, including cartilage, ligaments, tendons and bone. 3.Gouty Arthritis (gout): An inflammatory joint disease; usually the chemistry with a painful build-up of uric acid crystals in the knees and big toes.

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Inflammation of synovium Antigen and inflammatory by- products formation Destruction of articular cartilage Edema and pannus formation Formation of adhesions Decreased joint mobility

6. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Warm, painful, swollen joint Decreased range of motion Chills, fever and leukocytosis

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Synovial fluid culture and examination Computed tomography Aspiration Radio-isotope scanning MRI Radio-isotope scanning

8. MANAGEMENT 1. To control infection: I/V Broad-spectrum antibiotics according to the culture results such as ampicillin , gentamycin are used. 2. Monitoring of synovial fluid: The physician may aspirate the joint with a needle to remove excessive joint fluid, exudates. Synovial fluid is monitored for sterility and decrease in WBCs. 3. Immobilization affected: Inflamed joint is supported and immobilized by a splint that provides comfort to the patient.

9. 4 . To prevent recurrence: Assessment of the patient periodically is necessary to check its recurrence. 5. Arthrotomy or arthroscopy is used to drain the joint and remove dead tissue. 6. The inflamed joint is supported and immobilized in a functional position by a splint that increases the patient’s comfort.

10. 7. Analgesics may be prescribed to control pain. 8. After the infection has responded to antibiotic therapy, NSAIDS may be prescribed to limit joint damage.

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT 1. Assess the physical signs and symptoms; assess the patient for psychosocial, functional and vocational needs. 2. Assess the patient’s nutritional and fluid status. 3. Once the infection subsides, encourage for progressive range of motion exercises. 4. Explain client about disease and its treatment. 5. Provide hot shower which helps to decrease joint stiffness and make exercise easier for the patient.

12. 6. Provide rest and exercise later in the day is most beneficial for the patient. 7. Teach him the measures to relieve pain using pharmacologic and non pharmacologic interventions. 8. Provide physical therapy, occupational and social worker. 9. Complementary therapy that may help to decrease inflammation or pain include capsaicin cream, fish oil, magnetic therapy and antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E.

13. 1 0. Teach the ways of controlling pain. 11. Medications are adjusted to control pain as well as to decrease the inflammation process.

14. HEALTH EDUCATION Explain him about the importance of supporting the affected joint. Avoid weight-bearing and also restrict activity. Encourages the patient to practice safe use of ambulatory aids and assistive devices. Encourage client to perform range of motion exercises after the infection subsides.