Arthropods (entomology)

Vibrant presentation specially designed for MBBS students and Postgraduates of Community Medicine

1. Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA Junior Resident-II Dept. of Community Medicine Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture one must be able; To morphologically Identify Arthropods To Classify medically important Arthropods To understand the Mechanism of transmission of Arthropod borne diseases To enumerate Arthropod borne diseases along with its vector To know various methods of Arthropod control

3.  Branch of zoology dealing with the scientific study of  Arthropods Branch of Entomology which deals with arthropods which affect the health and well-being of man and vertebrate animals. The  word ARTHROPOD   comes from the Greek origin arthron , i.e. "joint", and pous (podos), i.e. "foot" or "leg", which together mean “ JOINTED LEGS ". INTRODUCTION MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

4. COMMON FEATURES EXOSKELETON COELOM COMPOUND EYES SEGMENTED BODY JOINTED LIMBS DISTINCT HEAD

5. What is different about each of these animals? SIZE MOVEMENT SHAPE COLOUR

6. ARTHROPODS HAVING ECOLOGICAL ROLE Maintains food web Pollinators

7. ARTHROPODS IN PEST CONTROL MITES Preys on unwanted arthropods In farm and home WHIP SCORPION Preys on cockroaches and crickets MILLIPEDES Eats on fungi and bacteria

8. ARTHROPODS AS FOOD

9. ARTHROPODS FOR HUMAN USES SILK KEVLAR

10. ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA INSECTA ARACHNIDA MOSQUITO HOUSEFLY SANDFLY TSETSE FLY BLACK FLY LICE RAT FLEA SAND FLEA REDUVID BUG HARD TICK SOFT TICK ITCH MITE TROMBICULID CYCLOPS ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE SANDFLY SANDFLEA

11. 3 PARTS 2 PARTS 2 PARTS NIL LAND 1 PAIR or NIL 1 PAIR 3 PAIRS 4 PAIRS NIL 5 PAIRS 2 PAIRS NIL LAND WATER BODY DIVISION LEGS ANTENNA WINGS HABITAT IDENTIFICATION OF ARTHROPODS

12. TRANSMISSION OF ARTHROPOD BORNE DISEASES DIRECT BIOLOGICAL MECHANICAL PROPAGATIVE CYCLO-PROPAGATIVE CYCLO-DEVELOPMENTAL Man to Man through direct contact Disease agent transmitted by Vector Scabies Pediculosis Diarrhoea Typhoid Trachoma Only multiplication No cyclical changes Multiplication + Cyclical changes No multiplication only cyclical changes Filaria in Culex Malaria in Anopheles Plague bacilli in rat flea

13. DISEASES SPREAD BY ARTHROPODS MALARIA CHIKUNGUNYA DENGUE JAP. ENCEPHALITIS FILARIA MOSQUITO TYPHOID CHOLERA TRACHOMA POLIOMYELITIS HOUSEFLY KALA-AZAR ORIENTAL SORE SANDFLY FEVER SLEEPING SICKNESS VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS TICK TYPHUS RELAPSING FEVER Q FEVER SCABIES SCRUB TYPHUS RICKETTSIAL POX SANDFLY TSETSE FLY HARD TICK SOFT TICK TROMBICULID MITE ITCH MITE

14. EPIDEMIC TYPHUS RELAPSING FEVER PEDICULOSIS LOUSE ENDEMIC TYPHUS BUBONIC PLAGUE CHIGGEROSIS RAT FLEA GUINEA WORM DISEASE CYCLOPS CHAGAS DISEASE REDUVID BUG DISEASES SPREAD BY ARTHROPODS (Contd.)

15. Results are Permanent PRINCIPLES OF ARTHROPOD CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL GENETIC BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL Source reduction Proper drainage Water management Cleanliness Health education Organo-phosphorous Organo-chlorine Carbamates Gambusia Coelomomyces Nematodes Protozoa Sterile male Cytoplasmic incompatibility Chromosomal translocations BEST APPROACH DISADVANTAGE Resistance Contamination Direct hazard to man’s health Only small scale

16. Contd. Combining two or more methods with a view (1) to obtain maximum results with minimum effort and (2) to avoid the excessive use of any one method NEWER METHODS Insect growth regulators Pheromones Chemosterilants