Nutritional Requirements of Fresh water and Marine Fishes
and its Environmental Impacts with special reference
to Digestion and Absorption
For Fish categories.
Hafez A. Mabrouk
Lecturer of Fish Nutrition
NIOF
It has been said
“ Give a man a fish,
and he will have food for a day,
teach him to raise fish, and he will
have food for the rest of his life ”
Physiological condition of Fish
Genetical factors Environmental factors Nutritional factors
Digestible Energy (DE)
(75)
Faces excretion (FE)
(25)
Intake Energy (IE)
(100)
Heat loses
Excretory loses
Metabolizable Energy ME)
(67)
Gill Excretion (ZE)
Urine Excretion (UE)
(8)
Heat increment (HiE)
Waste formation and Excretion (HwE)
Product formation (HrE)
Digestion and Absroption (HdE)
(10)
Net Energy (NE)
(57)
Maintenance (HEm)
Basal Metabolism (HoE)
Voluntary Activity (H,C)
Thermal Regulation (HCE)
(23)
Recovered Energy (RE)
Growth
Fat
Reproduction
(34)
Table (2) - Waste outputs and effluent quality from fish Production operation.
WASTE OUTPUT
(Total Load Estimate)
Solid (kg)
Nitrogen
(kg)
Phosphorus
(kg)
Feed Wastage (2.2 %)* 120180.6912.008
Solid10610356.49212.194
Dissolved-1764.60143.231
TOTAL118112201.79367.433
-per tonne fish produced164.330.645.113
- % of dry matter fed21.8 %60.4 %67.7 %
Average concentration (mg/L)
in effleunt (13469 mill. L)
during 410 days
0.8770.1630.027
* Actual amount of feed fed – Theoretical amount of feed required