artificial eye ( bionic eye, MARC, epiretinal prosthesis, etc.).pptx

•Definition
•History
•Need for Bionic eye
•Classification
•Components
•Mechanism
•Surgical technique
•Advantages v/s Disadvantages
•Integration of AI in bionic eye technology

1. Bionic eye and Artificial intelligence Presented by: Dr. Devanshi Yadav JR II Dept. of Ophthalmology M.L.B. Medical college

2. Content Definition History Need for Bionic eye Classification Components Mechanism Surgical technique Advantages v/s Disadvantages Integration of AI in bionic eye technology Future direction for bionic eye research & developement

3. Definition A visual prosthesis or bionic eye is a type of neural prosthesis to re-establish lost vision or intensify existing vision brought about by a visual observation in patients with retinal pathologies like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration .

4. It replaces the function of a section or entire eye a tiny “chip” that is most important part. designed accordingly to depict the characteristics of damaged retina. carefully inserted at the back of the eye ball, behind the retina with a microsurgery

5. History 1929- German neurologist, Foerster discovered “ Phosphenes ”. 1931- Krause & Schum , mentioned that visual cortex maintains function despite long term visual input deficiency. 1956- Tassicker , described how a photosensitive cell placed behind the retina of a blind patient resulted in phosphenes . 1960s & 1970s- G.Brindley & W.Dobelle established field of visual prosthesis by implanting electrodes into the visual cortex & demonstrating their ability to induce consistent phosphenes . 1990- Argus retinal prosthesis invented 2002- C. Verrart established microsystem based retina device & Artificial Selenium Retina(ASR Device). 2000 to present- advances in biomaterials, electronics & retinal surgeries have led to the cascade of development in the field.

6. Need for Bionic Eye

7. Classification 2 types depending on where the insert is mounted on retina:

8. Components Essential parts: Picture sensors- a gadget like a camera which catches the pictures before the eye. Processors- process the picture acquired and convert them into electric motivations or signs Transmitters- transmit the sign and beneficiaries get it and move it to the terminals embedded in the retina the retinal embed Recipients Retinal embed Cortical inserts- little cathodes embedded straightforwardly into the visual cortex of the mind

9. Components of bionic eye

10. Mechanism With the prosthetic bionic eye, a little camera mounted on the eye catches the pictures and remotely sends the data to a small-scale controller unit that changes over the information to an electronic sign and re-transmits it to a recipient on the eye.

11. Mechanism

12. Multi-unit Artificial Retina(MARC) Block diagram

13. Surgical technique

14. Epi -retinal prosthesis Set on the front surface of the retina; they stimulate ganglion cells. E.g : Argus II epiretinal prosthesis , learning retinal embed, EPI-RET3 embed, Epiretinal embed from Bionic Vision Australia, counterfeit retinal inserts utilizing fluid precious stone polymers Consist of three fundamental parts: first segment catches light pictures utilizing a camera. subsequent part changes this picture into electrical stimulus. third part, which lies on the inward surface of the retina, at that point animates the rest of the cells in the internal retina.

15. Structure of Argus II retinal prosthesis system in place

16. Argus II Epi -Retinal Implant

17. Foldable and photovoltaic wide- field retinal prosthesis

18. Subretinal prosthesis Placed underneath the RPE in the photoreceptor layer. E.g.: ALPHA IMS doesn't utilize an outside camera photodiodes are coupled to an outer force module that is implanted under the skin behind the ear and intensifies the signs created by the photodiode cluster embedded in the subretinal space by an outer scleral entry point (join the main part of the prosthesis to the scleral surface or inside through the vitreous hole and retina).

19. Alpha IMS Sub-Retinal Implant

20. Suprachoroidal prosthesis Suprachoroidal prostheses are intended to be put between the choroid and the sclera. Suprachoroidal transretinal gadget is implanted between the layers of the sclera as opposed to in the suprachoroidal space 2 fundamental advantages : less testing required than that for epiretinal or subretinal No need for vitrectomy or entry points into the retina. Safer

21. Intrascleral prosthesis An intrascleral embed for embedding inside the eye and for diminishing intraocular liquid weight Consist a rounded body having a forward end and a rearward end , adjusted for situation inside the sclera of an eye.

22. Extraocular prosthesis We use Extraocular medical procedure for implantation of a functioning subretinal visual prosthesis with outer associations. Advantge : requires least intrusive surgical procedure.

23. Optic nerve prosthesis a remotely worn camera receives light beams  imparts signals to a winding sleeve of anode twisted around the optic nerve and associated with a trigger embedded in the skull. Signs got converted into electric signals that stimulate the optic nerve straightforwardly. Requires refining to be utilized as an option for retinal prosthesis.

24. Advantages v/s Disadvantages

25. Integration of AI in bionic eye technology To improve image resolution, reduce power consumption & enhance signal processing. Involves AI –based image processing, developing machine learning algorithms & using neural network.

26. AI-based approches for advancement in bionic eye technology:

27. Application of AI in bionic eye developement

28. Deep learning based visual augmentation to support scene understanding Visual prostheses provide visual augmentation through AI based scene understanding

29. Stimulation strategies for visual prosthesis that use an external camera

30. Future directions for bionic eye research & developement

31. Thank You