Artificial insemination

artificial insemination in cow

1. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO : MADAN P DEPT OF VETERINARY VHK-1942 GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

2. CASE DETAILS : CASE NO: 14153 DATE: 21/6/23 OWNER NAME: RAJASHEKAR ADDRESS: HEBBAL SPECIES: CATTLE BREED: JERSEY AGE: 4 YEARS PARITY: 2 PRESENT COMPLAINT: ANIMAL PRESENTED FOR A.I. SHOWING ESTRUS SIGNS SINCE YESTERDAY.

3. CLINICAL EXAMINATION : General body condition : good Temperature: 101.6 F Vulva: Slightly Oedematous Vagina: Hyperaemic Ovaries: Left ovary dominant follicle TENTATIVE DIAGNOSIS : Mid heat RX : A.I. done with Jersey Semen ,advised to present the animal tomorrow for re A.I

4. What is Artificial Insemination? Artificial insemination (AI) is the deposition of the semen from a Male into the female genitalia during estrus by mechanical means rather than by the direct service of the respective Male.

5. Preparing to Inseminate……… MOST IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT- The cow must be in estrus or heat before she is artificial inseminated. Estrus is the time period during the estrous cycle when the female will allow breeding to occur . The cow should be inseminated 12 hours after the first signs of estrus.ie when it is in Mid Estrus.

6. Reproductive cycle in cow Onset of puberty : 6 to 18 months Avg. recommended age for 1 st service : 14 to 22 months Length of estrous cycle : 18 to 24 days(21 days) Duration of estrus : 18 to 24 hours Time of ovulation : 12 to 14 hours after end of oestrus Optimum time for service : Later half of mid oestrus

7. Estrus signs :- Restlessness Increased bellowing Increased locomotion Nervousness Cervico vaginal mucus discharge Hyperaemic vaginal mucous membrane Oedematous vulva Decreased milk yield Attempts to mount on other animals Stand to be mounted (Golden sign of estrus )

8. Nature of cervico vaginal mucus discharge Early estrus - coupious,thin,glassy Mid estrus - thick,scanty,glassy Late estrus - thin,scanty

9. Methods of insemination: 1. Recto vaginal method 2. Vaginal speculum method 3. Trans cervical method

10. REQUIREMENTS FOR AI AI GUN GLOVES SEMEN STRAW

11. AI SHEATH THAW BATH CRYO BANK

12. 1RECTO VAGINAL METHOD The first step of the insemination process is to restrain the cow into a chute or other holding device.

13. Thawing the semen:- The straw must be carefully removed from the liquid nitrogen tank to avoid burn injuries from the liquid nitrogen.

14. The straw should then be placed in a warm water bath for 30 seconds. The straw is then removed from the bath and dried off with a paper towel to prevent water from coming into contact with the semen.

15. Loading The AI Rod……. The straw is cut and placed into the end of the AI rod and a protective sheath is put over the gun . The plunger is locked into place.

16. Cleaning The Vulva:- The skin around the vagina (the vulva) should be cleaned with paper towels to avoid contaminating the cow when inserting the AI gun into the vagina.

17. Locating the Cervix:- The technician should insert one hand into the cow’s rectum to locate the reproductive tract and cervix.

18. Inserting the Rod:- Once the cervix has been located, the AI gun is inserted through the vagina into the reproductive tract. The rod must be passed through the three muscular rings of the cervix and into the body of the uterus.

19. Depositing the Semen. Once the technician is sure the gun has passed through all annular folds of the cervix, the semen is deposited into the body of the uterus.

20. Removing the Rod:- After the semen has been deposited, the rod should carefully be removed from the reproductive tract.

21. Massaging the tract also causes the release of Oxytocin which aids in semen transport. Massaging the clitoris also causes the release of Oxytocin which aids in semen transport.

22. Speculum method A sterilized speculum is inserted into vagina and cervix is made visible from outside Semen is deposited into cervix with sterilized glass catheter fitted with rubber adaptor and syringe

23. Trans cervical method It is a method of AI in which sperm is deposited into cervix of female reproductive tract Done by inserting catheter through vagina into the cervix

24. Advantages of AI…… Advantages of AI Producers are able to use superior bulls for breeding without the cost and responsibility of owning them. Improve economic traits: weaning weights, average daily gain, calving ease, carcass quality, and maternal ability. AI reduces the chance of passing diseases among cattle because mating does not occur and antibiotics are added to the semen used for insemination during the processing stage.

25. Limitations: Trained personnel are required for insemination . Intrauterine insemination of a pregnant female may result in abortion . If bull is not properly tested, spreading of genital diseases will be increased.

26. Best time for insemination Best time to inseminate is during the second half of the standing heat period most inseminators use AM-PM rule to ensure conception If the standing heat was first reported in the morning then insemination is done in the afternoon but if heat is reported in the evening the insemination is done next morning.

27. REASONS FOR FAILURE OF AI Failure in detection of heat. Ovulation occurs within 24-32 hours after onset of standing heat sign delaying insemination decreases chances of fertilization. Failure by improper semen handling. Incorrect insemination techniques. Use of dirty equipment. Improper thawing of semen straw.

28. Using less than optimum concentration of semen. Abnormal/injured/infected reproductive tract. Delaying insemination after thawing. Hormonal imbalances due to ovarian dysfunction. Improper storage and transportation of straws from semen centre. Injury to reproductive tract during insemination. poor animal nutrition causing failure to show clear signs of heat.

29. Thank you