artificial Retina

Artificial Eye

1. Presentation on ARTIFICIAL RETINA Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Jaipur National University, Jaipur Presented by : VIVEK KUMAR SINGH ( Roll No: 8EC46 )

2. Contents Introduction Disease Related to Eye Artificial Eye Working Diagram Digital Camera Video Processing Unit Retinal Implant Limitations & Drawback Conclusion Reference 2

3. Introduction How eyes work? The light coming from an object enters the eye through cornea and pupil. The eye lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted and diminished image on the retina. The light sensitive cells of the retina gets activated with the incidence of light and generate electric signals. These electric signals are sent to the brain by the optic nerves and the brain interprets the electrical signals in such away that we see an image which is erect and of the same size as the object. 3

4. Disease Related To Eye Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 4

5. Artificial Eye? The Artificial Retina made using Thin-Film Transistors, which can be fabricated on transparent and flexible substrates . Electronic photo devices and circuits are integrated on the artificial retina . Implanted on the inside surface of the living retina at the back part of the human eyeballs. Wireless power supply is used 5

6. 6

7. Digital Camera The camera used for this is the CMOS image sensor. The camera captures the image and converts it into pixels of black and white. This camera is placed on the goggles. The battery required for this is provided from the video processing unit. 7

8. Video Processing Unit Video Processing Unit acts as a optogenic transducer unit which simplifies the image as spots of light and then reduces the image to the number of photodiodes. This is connected to goggles through router. This unit majorly consists of :- Video decoder Video scaler DSP processor Video processor 8

9. Retinal Implant Electrode implantation is one of the most critical jobs in this artificial vision system. The first step done in this electrode implantation is perforating a platinum foil with each hole having a diameter of 3mm. 68 flat platinum electrodes of 1mm diameter are pierced through the holes into the nucleus of neurons of the occipital lobe. 9

10. Working 10

11. Limitations and Drawbacks Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got damaged. Those who lost their visions due to other reasons could not use this device. It may not work for people blinded as children or as infants, because the visual cortex do not develop normally. Surgery is required to implant the electrode array. The approximated cost of the device is $70,000 11

12. Image Identification By using this technology the person can read large letters or identify the objects before him. 12

13. Another Approach to Artificial Vision

14. Conclusion Thus the electronic eye aims at helping millions of blind and visually challenged Artificial eye helps blind man walk safely around and read large letters Invention is not only the fruit of one branch of science; It involves the participation of different branches of science “WISHING A REMARKABLE PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM, SUCH THAT EACH AND EVERY BLIND PERSON TODAY, IS NEVER A BLIND TOMMOROW.” 14

15. References www.howstuffworks.com Chandu Gude ,"Bionic Eye", Scribd , 2009. www.wikipedia.org www.sciencedaily.com www.electrooptic.com 15

16. 16 THANK YOU