Artyushina_Guest lecture_YorkU CS May 2024.pptx

Guest lecture "Regulating Artificial Intelligence in Canada: Key Challenges and Policy Options" by Dr. Anna Artyushina. York University, May 2024. Topics: understanding different types of AI systems; economic potential of AI applications; privacy issues; human rights violations; existing legislation

1. Regulating Artificial Intelligence in Canada: Key Challenges and Policy Options Anna Artyushina, Ph.D. School of Urban and Regional Planning Toronto Metropolitan University

2. What is AI? OECD (2023): AI system is a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined explicit or implicit objectives, infer , from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as make predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments

3. What is AI? OECD AI Policy Observatory (Nov 2023)

4. What is AI Good for? Breast cancer research (April Khademi, Toronto Metropolitan University) AI fraud detection (RBC, TD) Machine learning in astrophysics (Center for Astrophysics Harvard&Smithsonian): clean noise, analyzes terabytes of data AlphaFold 3 (Google DeepMind): visualizes and predicts (?) molecular structures

5. Popular AI Myths AI systems are sentient AI systems are smarter than humans AI systems can replace human cognition or human compassion

6. On the AI Mechanics and Sentence Narayanan & Kapoor (2024) AI Snake Oil: What AI Can Do, What it Can’t, and How to Spot the Difference . Princeton University Press David Gunkel (2023) Person, Thing, Robot. MIT Press Bender et.al. (2021) “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots. Can Language Models be Too Big?” FAccT’ Proceedings Frank Pasquale (2020) New Laws of Robotics . Harvard University Press

7. The reputation business is exploding. Having eroded privacy for decades, shady, poorly regulated data miners, brokers and resellers have now taken creepy classification to a whole new level. They have created lists of victims of sexual assault, and lists of people with sexually transmitted diseases. Lists of people who have Alzheimer’s, dementia and AIDS. Lists of the impotent and the depressed. Typically sold at a few cents per name, the lists don’t have to be particularly reliable to attract eager buyers — mostly marketers, but also, increasingly, financial institutions vetting customers to guard against fraud, and employers screening potential hires. (Pasquale, 2014, p. 10) Privacy is the least of our concerns

8. Privacy is the least of our concerns

9. AI as Machine Knowledge Capital Type to enter a caption.

10. The AI Patent Curve The US Patent and Trademark Office, 2022

11. AI as Machine Knowledge Capital

12. Key Benefits and Challenges for Canada Economic benefits Influx of imported AI technologies Labour market suffers as more jobs get automated An acute shortage of AI professionals to develop, research and regulate AI Privacy violations Fundamental rights violations Threats to democracy

13. Industry Concentration

14. My analysis of AIDA

15. Canada’s AI Regulations Directive on Automated Decision-Making (impact assessments; due process for the citizens) Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (impact assessments; clear language; human in the loop; external audits; mechanisms of redress) AI and Data Commissioner (compliance, audit, shut down) AI Safety Institute (guidelines for the safe deployment of AI; changing regulations)

16. Slow Governance in the Field of AI

17. Thank you! aartyushina@ torontomu.ca