As Low As Reasonably Practicable ALARP Principle “Residual risk shall be as low reasonably practicable

Master ALARP

1. Topic : ALARP / SFAIRP ALI ISMAIL HUSSAIN (21133) SYED IMTIAZ ALI MUHAMAMD LATIF

2. ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable ALARP Principle “ Residual risk shall be as low reasonably practicable” It has particular connotations as a route to reduce risks SFAIRP (so far as is reasonably practicable) in UK Health & Safety law

3. ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable ALARP Principle is that the residual risk shall be as low reasonably practicable

4. ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable In this Intolerable region the risk cannot be accepted and it thus necessary to reduce the risk and make it tolerable through implementation of risk reducing measures (RRMs) or re-design In this Tolerable (referred to as ALARP) region , risk can only be accepted if all reasonably practicable measures have been implemented to reduce risk In this Broadly acceptable region, the risk is accepted and no further risk reduction is required

5. ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable

6. 6 Intolerable region Tolerable region Acceptable region The risk is unacceptable at any level The risk is acceptable based on mitigation. Cost benefit analysis is required. The risk is acceptable as it currently stands A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable

7. ALARP = A s L ow A s R easonably P racticable “A level of risk that is tolerable and cannot be reduced further without the expenditure of costs that are dis-appropriate to the benefit gained or where the solution is impractical to implement ” ALARP assumes that there is a balance between “ risk and benefits “ Risk without benefit is unacceptable.

8. How to define the Risk Levels ?

9. 9 Risk Levels = Probability ( Chances to occur ) x Severity ( Impact )

10. Risk Probability Probability of occurrence Meaning Qualitative definition Value Frequent Occasional Remote Improbable Extremely improbable Likely to occur many times (has occurred frequently) Likely to occur some times (has occurred infrequently) Unlikely, but possible to occur (has occurred rarely) Very unlikely to occur (not known to have occurred) Almost inconceivable that the event will occur 5 4 3 2 1

11. Risk severity Define the severity in terms of effects for : Property Finance Liability People Environment Image Public confidence

12. Risk Matrix (QRAs)

13. 13 ALARP APPLICATION IN AVIATION INDUSTRY

14. A large reduction in safety margins, physical distress or a workload such that the operators cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely. Serious injury. Major equipment damage. Equipment destroyed. Multiple deaths. A significant reduction in safety margins, a reduction in the ability of the operators to cope with adverse operating conditions as a result of increase in workload, or as a result of conditions impairing their efficiency. Serious incident. Injury to persons. Nuisance. Operating limitations. Use of emergency procedures. Minor incident. Little consequences Meaning Severity of occurrences Value Aviation definition Catastrophic Hazardous Major Minor Negligible A B C D E Risk Severity for Aviation

15. Risk Index / Tolerability

16. Risk Index / Tolerability

17. Safety Risk Management Framework Identification of Hazard Probability of Risk Yes, accept the risk(s) Risk control /mitigation Severity of Risk Risk tolerability Equipment, procedures, organization, etc. Analyse the likelihood of the consequence occurring Evaluate the seriousness of the consequence if it does occur Is the assessed risk(s) acceptable and within the organization’s safety performance criteria No, take action to reduce the risk(s) to an acceptable level

18. Risk Mitigation – Defences Defences in Aviation: Technology Training Regulations Technology Training Regulations Risk mitigation = Risk control