Asexual_and_Sexual_Reproduction_with_Images.pptx

This document is about the asexual and sexual reproduction with images

1. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants and Animals Biology Presentation with Images

2. What is Reproduction? Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are produced. It ensures the continuation of species. Two main types: asexual and sexual reproduction.

3. Asexual Reproduction Involves only one parent organism. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones). Common in simpler organisms like bacteria, plants, and some animals.

4. Asexual Reproduction in Plants 1. Vegetative Propagation – new plants grow from roots, stems, or leaves. 2. Budding – new organism develops from an outgrowth (e.g., Bryophyllum). 3. Fragmentation – parts grow into new plants (e.g., algae). 4. Spore Formation – spores grow into new plants (e.g., ferns, mosses).

5. Asexual Reproduction in Animals 1. Binary Fission – single organism splits into two (e.g., amoeba). 2. Budding – outgrowth forms new organism (e.g., hydra). 3. Fragmentation – parts regenerate (e.g., starfish). 4. Parthenogenesis – development of an egg without fertilization (e.g., some insects, reptiles).

6. Sexual Reproduction Involves two parents: male and female. Fusion of male and female gametes forms a zygote. Offspring show genetic variation. Common in complex organisms.

7. Sexual Reproduction in Plants Involves flowers with reproductive organs. Male part: stamen (pollen). Female part: pistil (ovary). Pollination – transfer of pollen to pistil. Fertilization – fusion of gametes forms a seed.

8. Sexual Reproduction in Animals Involves male and female gametes (sperm and egg). Fertilization can be internal or external. Zygote develops into embryo and then adult. Results in genetic diversity.

9. Advantages and Disadvantages Asexual Reproduction: - Advantages: Fast, one parent needed, energy-efficient. - Disadvantages: No genetic variation, vulnerable to disease. Sexual Reproduction: - Advantages: Genetic diversity, adaptation. - Disadvantages: Requires two parents, slower process.

10. Summary Reproduction ensures the survival of species. Asexual reproduction = identical offspring. Sexual reproduction = genetically unique offspring. Both vital for biodiversity and life continuity.