Assembly Language for x86 Processors 6th Edition Kip Irvine

Assembly Language for x86 Processors 6th Edition Kip Irvine
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 6th Edition Kip Irvine
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 6th Edition Kip Irvine

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5. Assembly Language for x86 Processors 6th Edition Kip
Irvine Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Kip Irvine
ISBN(s): 013602212X
Edition: 6th
File Details: PDF, 1.83 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english

7. Assembly Language for
x86 Processors

Sixth Edition
KIP R. IRVINE
Florida International University
School of Computing and Information Sciences

Upper Saddle River Boston Columbus San Francisco New York
Indianapolis London Toronto Sydney Singapore Tokyo Montreal
Dubai Madrid Hong Kong Mexico City Munich Paris Amsterdam Cape Town

8. Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton
Editor-in-Chief: Michael Hirsch
Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger
Assistant Editor: Melinda Haggerty
Editorial Assistant: Allison Michael
Vice President, Production: Vince O’Brien
Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno
Production Liaison: Jane Bonnell
Production Editor: Maheswari PonSaravanan, TexTech International
Senior Operations Supervisor: Alan Fischer
Marketing Manager: Erin Davis
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Art Director: Kenny Beck
Cover Designer: Laura C. Ierardi
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Art Editor: Greg Dulles
Media Editor: Daniel Sandin
Media Project Manager: Danielle Leone
Composition/Full-Service Project Management: TexTech International
IA-32, Pentium, i486, Intel64, Celeron, and Intel 386 are trademarks of Intel Corporation. Athlon, Phenom, and Opteron
are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. TASM and Turbo Debugger are trademarks of Borland International.
Microsoft Assembler (MASM
Windows 2000, Windows XP, MS-Windows, PowerPoint, Win32, DEBUG, WinDbg, MS-DOS, Visual Studio, Visual
C++, and CodeView are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Autocad is a trademark of Autodesk. Java is a
trademark of Sun Microsystems. PartitionMagic is a trademark of Symantec. All other trademarks or product names are
the property of their respective owners.

Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.

All rights
reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permissions should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s materials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Previously published as

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers.

The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and pub-
lisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Irvine, Kip R.
Assembly language for x86 processors / Kip R. Irvine. -- 6th ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: Assembly language for intel-based computers, 5th ed., 2007.
ISBN 0-13-602212-X (alk. paper)
1. IBM microcomputers--Programming. 2. Assembler language (Computer program
language) I. Irvine, Kip R. - Assembly language for intel-based computers. II. Title.
QA76.8.I77 2011
005.265--dc22 2009049014
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-602212-
1
ISBN-10: 0-13-602212-X

10987654321

9. To Jack and Candy Irvine

10. This page intentionally left blank

11. v
Contents
Preface xix
1
Basic Concepts 1
1.1 Welcome to Assembly Language 1
1.1.1 Good Questions to Ask 2
1.1.2 Assembly Language Applications 5
1.1.3 Section Review 6

1.2 Virtual Machine Concept 7
1.2.1 Section Review 9

1.3 Data Representation 9
1.3.1 Binary Integers 9
1.3.2 Binary Addition 11
1.3.3 Integer Storage Sizes 12
1.3.4 Hexadecimal Integers 13
1.3.5 Signed Integers 15
1.3.6 Character Storage 17
1.3.7 Section Review 19

1.4 Boolean Operations 22
1.4.1 Truth Tables for Boolean Functions 24
1.4.2 Section Review 26

1.5 Chapter Summary 26
1.6 Exercises 27
1.6.1 Programming Tasks 27
1.6.2 Nonprogramming Tasks 27

2
x86 Processor Architecture 29
2.1 General Concepts 29
2.1.1 Basic Microcomputer Design 30
2.1.2 Instruction Execution Cycle 31
2.1.3 Reading from Memory 33
2.1.4 How Programs Run 34
2.1.5 Section Review 35

12. vi Contents

2.2 x86 Architecture Details 36
2.2.1 Modes of Operation 36
2.2.2 Basic Execution Environment 36
2.2.3 Floating-Point Unit 39
2.2.4 Overview of Intel Microprocessors 39
2.2.5 Section Review 42

2.3 x86 Memory Management 43
2.3.1 Real-Address Mode 43
2.3.2 Protected Mode 45
2.3.3 Section Review 47

2.4 Components of a Typical x86 Computer 48
2.4.1 Motherboard 48
2.4.2 Video Output 50
2.4.3 Memory 50
2.4.4 Input-Output Ports and Device Interfaces 50
2.4.5 Section Review 52

2.5 Input-Output System 52
2.5.1 Levels of I/O Access 52
2.5.2 Section Review 55

2.6 Chapter Summary 55
2.7 Chapter Exercises 57
3
Assembly Language Fundamentals 58
3.1 Basic Elements of Assembly Language 58
3.1.1 Integer Constants 59
3.1.2 Integer Expressions 60
3.1.3 Real Number Constants 61
3.1.4 Character Constants 61
3.1.5 String Constants 61
3.1.6 Reserved Words 62
3.1.7 Identifiers 62
3.1.8 Directives 62
3.1.9 Instructions 63
3.1.10 The NOP (No Operation
3.1.11 Section Review 66

3.2 Example: Adding and Subtracting Integers 66
3.2.1 Alternative Version of AddSub 69
3.2.2 Program Template 70
3.2.3 Section Review 70

3.3 Assembling, Linking, and Running Programs 71
3.3.1 The Assemble-Link-Execute Cycle 71
3.3.2 Section Review 77

13. Contents vii

3.4 Defining Data 77
3.4.1 Intrinsic Data Types 77
3.4.2 Data Definition Statement 77
3.4.3 Defining BYTE and SBYTE Data 78
3.4.4 Defining WORD and SWORD Data 80
3.4.5 Defining DWORD and SDWORD Data 81
3.4.6 Defining QWORD Data 81
3.4.7 Defining Packed Binary Coded Decimal (TBYTE
3.4.8 Defining Real Number Data 83
3.4.9 Little Endian Order 83
3.4.10 Adding Variables to the AddSub Program 84
3.4.11 Declaring Uninitialized Data 85
3.4.12 Section Review 85

3.5 Symbolic Constants 86
3.5.1 Equal-Sign Directive 86
3.5.2 Calculating the Sizes of Arrays and Strings 87
3.5.3 EQU Directive 88
3.5.4 TEXTEQU Directive 89
3.5.5 Section Review 90

3.6 Real-Address Mode Programming (Optional) 90
3.6.1 Basic Changes 90

3.7 Chapter Summary 91
3.8 Programming Exercises 92
4
Data Transfers, Addressing,
and Arithmetic 94
4.1 Data Transfer Instructions 94
4.1.1 Introduction 94
4.1.2 Operand Types 95
4.1.3 Direct Memory Operands 96
4.1.4 MOV Instruction 96
4.1.5 Zero/Sign Extension of Integers 98
4.1.6 LAHF and SAHF Instructions 100
4.1.7 XCHG Instruction 100
4.1.8 Direct-Offset Operands 101
4.1.9 Example Program (Moves) 102
4.1.10 Section Review 103

4.2 Addition and Subtraction 104
4.2.1 INC and DEC Instructions 104
4.2.2 ADD Instruction 104
4.2.3 SUB Instruction 105
4.2.4 NEG Instruction 105

14. viii Contents

4.2.5 Implementing Arithmetic Expressions 106
4.2.6 Flags Affected by Addition and Subtraction 106
4.2.7 Example Program (AddSub3
4.2.8 Section Review 111

4.3 Data-Related Operators and Directives 112
4.3.1 OFFSET Operator 112
4.3.2 ALIGN Directive 113
4.3.3 PTR Operator 114
4.3.4 TYPE Operator 115
4.3.5 LENGTHOF Operator 115
4.3.6 SIZEOF Operator 116
4.3.7 LABEL Directive 116
4.3.8 Section Review 117

4.4 Indirect Addressing 117
4.4.1 Indirect Operands 118
4.4.2 Arrays 119
4.4.3 Indexed Operands 120
4.4.4 Pointers 121
4.4.5 Section Review 123

4.5 JMP and LOOP Instructions 124
4.5.1 JMP Instruction 124
4.5.2 LOOP Instruction 124
4.5.3 Summing an Integer Array 126
4.5.4 Copying a String 126
4.5.5 Section Review 127

4.6 Chapter Summary 128
4.7 Programming Exercises 129
5
Procedures 132
5.1 Introduction 132
5.2 Linking to an External Library 132
5.2.1 Background Information 133
5.2.2 Section Review 134

5.3 The Book’s Link Library 134
5.3.1 Overview 136
5.3.2 Individual Procedure Descriptions 137
5.3.3 Library Test Programs 149
5.3.4 Section Review 157

5.4 Stack Operations 157
5.4.1 Runtime Stack 158
5.4.2 PUSH and POP Instructions 160
5.4.3 Section Review 162

15. Contents ix

5.5 Defining and Using Procedures 163
5.5.1 PROC Directive 163
5.5.2 CALL and RET Instructions 165
5.5.3 Example: Summing an Integer Array 168
5.5.4 Flowcharts 169
5.5.5 Saving and Restoring Registers 170
5.5.6 Section Review 171

5.6 Program Design Using Procedures 172
5.6.1 Integer Summation Program (Design
5.6.2 Integer Summation Implementation 175
5.6.3 Section Review 177

5.7 Chapter Summary 177
5.8 Programming Exercises 178
6
Conditional Processing 180
6.1 Introduction 180
6.2 Boolean and Comparison Instructions 181
6.2.1 The CPU Flags 182
6.2.2 AND Instruction 182
6.2.3 OR Instruction 183
6.2.4 Bit-Mapped Sets 184
6.2.5 XOR Instruction 186
6.2.6 NOT Instruction 187
6.2.7 TEST Instruction 187
6.2.8 CMP Instruction 188
6.2.9 Setting and Clearing Individual CPU Flags 189
6.2.10 Section Review 189

6.3 Conditional Jumps 190
6.3.1 Conditional Structures 190
6.3.2 J

cond

Instruction 191
6.3.3 Types of Conditional Jump Instructions 192
6.3.4 Conditional Jump Applications 195
6.3.5 Section Review 199

6.4 Conditional Loop Instructions 200
6.4.1 LOOPZ and LOOPE Instructions 200
6.4.2 LOOPNZ and LOOPNE Instructions 201
6.4.3 Section Review 201

6.5 Conditional Structures 202
6.5.1 Block-Structured IF Statements 202
6.5.2 Compound Expressions 204
6.5.3 WHILE Loops 206
6.5.4 Table-Driven Selection 208
6.5.5 Section Review 210

16. x Contents

6.6 Application: Finite-State Machines 211
6.6.1 Validating an Input String 211
6.6.2 Validating a Signed Integer 212
6.6.3 Section Review 216

6.7 Conditional Control Flow Directives 217
6.7.1 Creating IF Statements 218
6.7.2 Signed and Unsigned Comparisons 219
6.7.3 Compound Expressions 220
6.7.4 Creating Loops with .REPEAT and .WHILE 223

6.8 Chapter Summary 224
6.9 Programming Exercises 225
7
Integer Arithmetic 229
7.1 Introduction 229
7.2 Shift and Rotate Instructions 230
7.2.1 Logical Shifts and Arithmetic Shifts 230
7.2.2 SHL Instruction 231
7.2.3 SHR Instruction 232
7.2.4 SAL and SAR Instructions 233
7.2.5 ROL Instruction 234
7.2.6 ROR Instruction 235
7.2.7 RCL and RCR Instructions 235
7.2.8 Signed Overflow 236
7.2.9 SHLD/SHRD Instructions 236
7.2.10 Section Review 238

7.3 Shift and Rotate Applications 239
7.3.1 Shifting Multiple Doublewords 240
7.3.2 Binary Multiplication 241
7.3.3 Displaying Binary Bits 242
7.3.4 Isolating MS-DOS File Date Fields 242
7.3.5 Section Review 243

7.4 Multiplication and Division Instructions 243
7.4.1 MUL Instruction 243
7.4.2 IMUL Instruction 245
7.4.3 Measuring Program Execution Times 247
7.4.4 DIV Instruction 249
7.4.5 Signed Integer Division 250
7.4.6 Implementing Arithmetic Expressions 253
7.4.7 Section Review 255

7.5 Extended Addition and Subtraction 256
7.5.1 ADC Instruction 256
7.5.2 Extended Addition Example 257

17. Contents xi

7.5.3 SBB Instruction 258
7.5.4 Section Review 259

7.6 ASCII and Unpacked Decimal Arithmetic 260
7.6.1 AAA Instruction 261
7.6.2 AAS Instruction 262
7.6.3 AAM Instruction 263
7.6.4 AAD Instruction 263
7.6.5 Section Review 264

7.7 Packed Decimal Arithmetic 264
7.7.1 DAA Instruction 264
7.7.2 DAS Instruction 266
7.7.3 Section Review 266

7.8 Chapter Summary 266
7.9 Programming Exercises 267
8
Advanced Procedures 270
8.1 Introduction 270
8.2 Stack Frames 271
8.2.1 Stack Parameters 272
8.2.2 Accessing Stack Parameters 273
8.2.3 Local Variables 281
8.2.4 ENTER and LEAVE Instructions 285
8.2.5 LOCAL Directive 286
8.2.6 Section Review 289

8.3 Recursion 290
8.3.1 Recursively Calculating a Sum 291
8.3.2 Calculating a Factorial 292
8.3.3 Section Review 298

8.4 INVOKE, ADDR, PROC, and PROTO 299
8.4.1 INVOKE Directive 299
8.4.2 ADDR Operator 300
8.4.3 PROC Directive 301
8.4.4 PROTO Directive 304
8.4.5 Parameter Classifications 307
8.4.6 Example: Exchanging Two Integers 307
8.4.7 Debugging Tips 308
8.4.8 WriteStackFrame Procedure 309
8.4.9 Section Review 310

8.5 Creating Multimodule Programs 311
8.5.1 Hiding and Exporting Procedure Names 311
8.5.2 Calling External Procedures 312

18. xii Contents

8.5.3 Using Variables and Symbols across Module Boundaries 313
8.5.4 Example: ArraySum Program 314
8.5.5 Creating the Modules Using Extern 314
8.5.6 Creating the Modules Using INVOKE and PROTO 318
8.5.7 Section Review 321

8.6 Java Bytecodes 321
8.6.1 Java Virtual Machine 321
8.6.2 Instruction Set 322
8.6.3 Java Disassembly Examples 323

8.7 Chapter Summary 328
8.8 Programming Exercises 329
9
Strings and Arrays 332
9.1 Introduction 332
9.2 String Primitive Instructions 333
9.2.1 MOVSB, MOVSW, and MOVSD 334
9.2.2 CMPSB, CMPSW, and CMPSD 335
9.2.3 SCASB, SCASW, and SCASD 336
9.2.4 STOSB, STOSW, and STOSD 336
9.2.5 LODSB, LODSW, and LODSD 337
9.2.6 Section Review 337

9.3 Selected String Procedures 338
9.3.1 Str_compare Procedure 338
9.3.2 Str_length Procedure 339
9.3.3 Str_copy Procedure 340
9.3.4 Str_trim Procedure 340
9.3.5 Str_ucase Procedure 343
9.3.6 String Library Demo Program 344
9.3.7 Section Review 346

9.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays 346
9.4.1 Ordering of Rows and Columns 346
9.4.2 Base-Index Operands 347
9.4.3 Base-Index-Displacement Operands 349
9.4.4 Section Review 350

9.5 Searching and Sorting Integer Arrays 350
9.5.1 Bubble Sort 350
9.5.2 Binary Search 352
9.5.3 Section Review 359

9.6 Java Bytecodes: String Processing 359
9.7 Chapter Summary 360
9.8 Programming Exercises 361

19. Contents xiii

10
Structures and Macros 366
10.1 Structures 366
10.1.1 Defining Structures 367
10.1.2 Declaring Structure Variables 368
10.1.3 Referencing Structure Variables 370
10.1.4 Example: Displaying the System Time 372
10.1.5 Structures Containing Structures 375
10.1.6 Example: Drunkard’s Walk 375
10.1.7 Declaring and Using Unions 378
10.1.8 Section Review 381

10.2 Macros 382
10.2.1 Overview 382
10.2.2 Defining Macros 382
10.2.3 Invoking Macros 383
10.2.4 Additional Macro Features 384
10.2.5 Using the Book’s Macro Library 388
10.2.6 Example Program: Wrappers 394
10.2.7 Section Review 395

10.3 Conditional-Assembly Directives 396
10.3.1 Checking for Missing Arguments 397
10.3.2 Default Argument Initializers 398
10.3.3 Boolean Expressions 399
10.3.4 IF, ELSE, and ENDIF Directives 399
10.3.5 The IFIDN and IFIDNI Directives 400
10.3.6 Example: Summing a Matrix Row 401
10.3.7 Special Operators 404
10.3.8 Macro Functions 407
10.3.9 Section Review 409

10.4 Defining Repeat Blocks 410
10.4.1 WHILE Directive 410
10.4.2 REPEAT Directive 410
10.4.3 FOR Directive 411
10.4.4 FORC Directive 412
10.4.5 Example: Linked List 412
10.4.6 Section Review 414

10.5 Chapter Summary 415
10.6 Programming Exercises 416
11
MS-Windows Programming 419
11.1 Win32 Console Programming 419
11.1.1 Background Information 420
11.1.2 Win32 Console Functions 424
11.1.3 Displaying a Message Box 426

20. xiv Contents

11.1.4 Console Input 429
11.1.5 Console Output 435
11.1.6 Reading and Writing Files 437
11.1.7 File I/O in the Irvine32 Library 442
11.1.8 Testing the File I/O Procedures 444
11.1.9 Console Window Manipulation 447
11.1.10 Controlling the Cursor 450
11.1.11 Controlling the Text Color 451
11.1.12 Time and Date Functions 453
11.1.13 Section Review 456

11.2 Writing a Graphical Windows Application 457
11.2.1 Necessary Structures 458
11.2.2 The MessageBox Function 459
11.2.3 The WinMain Procedure 460
11.2.4 The WinProc Procedure 460
11.2.5 The ErrorHandler Procedure 461
11.2.6 Program Listing 461
11.2.7 Section Review 465

11.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation 466
11.3.1 HeapTest Programs 469
11.3.2 Section Review 473

11.4 x86 Memory Management 473
11.4.1 Linear Addresses 473
11.4.2 Page Translation 477
11.4.3 Section Review 479

11.5 Chapter Summary 479
11.6 Programming Exercises 481
12
Floating-Point Processing and Instruction
Encoding 483
12.1 Floating-Point Binary Representation 483
12.1.1 IEEE Binary Floating-Point Representation 484
12.1.2 The Exponent 485
12.1.3 Normalized Binary Floating-Point Numbers 486
12.1.4 Creating the IEEE Representation 486
12.1.5 Converting Decimal Fractions to Binary Reals 488
12.1.6 Section Review 490

12.2 Floating-Point Unit 490
12.2.1 FPU Register Stack 491
12.2.2 Rounding 493
12.2.3 Floating-Point Exceptions 495
12.2.4 Floating-Point Instruction Set 495

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of other immoralities, and who contributes to the funds, may
become a member of the Society; and by the payment of thirty
dollars, a life member; provided that children and others who have
not professed their faith may be constituted life members without
the privilege of voting.
Art. IV. This Society shall meet annually, in the month of September,
October or November, for the election of officers and the transaction
of other business, at such time and place as shall be designated by
the Executive Committee.
Art. V. The annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular
officers and members of the Society at the time of such meeting,
and of delegates from churches, local missionary societies, and other
co-operating bodies, each body being entitled to one representative.
Art. VI. The officers of the Society shall be a President, Vice-
Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretaries,

27. Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee of not less
than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries shall be
advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members.
Art. VII. To the Executive Committee shall belong the collecting and
disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, sustaining and
dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) missionaries and agents;
the selection of missionary fields; and, in general, the transaction of
all such business as usually appertains to the executive committees
of missionary and other benevolent societies; the Committee to
exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries; and its
doings to be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting,
which shall, by a reference mutually chosen, always entertain the
complaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary; and the decision of
such reference shall be final.
The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies
occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings;
to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature for acts of
incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any is given, of all
officers, agents, missionaries, or others in the employment of the
Society; to make provision, if any, for disabled missionaries, and for
the widows and children of such as are deceased; and to call, in all
parts of the country, at their discretion, special and general
conventions of the friends of missions, with a view to the diffusion of
the missionary spirit, and the general and vigorous promotion of the
missionary work.
Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for
transacting business.
Art. VIII. This society, in collecting funds, in appointing officers,
agents and missionaries, and in selecting fields of labor, and
conducting the missionary work, will endeavor particularly to
discountenance slavery, by refusing to receive the known fruits of
unrequited labor, or to welcome to its employment those who hold
their fellow-beings as slaves.

28. Art. IX. Missionary bodies, churches or individuals agreeing to the
principles of this Society, and wishing to appoint and sustain
missionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so through the
agency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually agreed upon.
Art. X. No amendment shall be made to this Constitution without the
concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular
annual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment has been
submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee in
season to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to do, if so
submitted) in the regular official notifications of the meeting.
FOOTNOTE:
[A] By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among others, a
belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a
Saviour;the Supreme Deity, Incarnation and Atoning Sacrifice of
Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the necessity of
regeneration by the Holy Spirit, repentance, faith and holy
obedience in order to salvation; the immortality of the soul; and
the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the
wicked, and salvation of the righteous.

29. The American Missionary
Association.
AIM AND WORK.
To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy with
the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has devoted its
main efforts to preparing the Freedmen for their duties as citizens and
Christians in America and as missionaries in Africa. As closely related
to this, it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted Chinese in America,
and to co-operate with the Government in its humane and Christian
policy towards the Indians . It has also a mission in Africa.
STATISTICS.
Churches : In the South—In Va., 1; N.C., 6; S.C., 2; Ga., 13; Ky., 6;
Tenn., 4; Ala., 14; La., 17; Miss., 4; Texas, 6. Africa, 2. Among the
Indians, 1. Total 76.
Institutions Founded, Fostered or Sustained in the South.—Chartered:
Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, Ala.; Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville,
Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss.; New Orleans, La.; and Austin, Texas, 8.
Graded or Normal Schools: at Wilmington, Raleigh, N.C.; Charleston,
Greenwood, S.C.; Savannah, Macon, Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery,
Mobile, Athens, Selma, Ala.; Memphis, Tenn., 12. Other Schools, 31.
Total 51.
Teachers , Missionaries and Assistants.—Among the Freedmen, 284;
among the Chinese, 22; among the Indians, 11; in Africa, 13. Total,
330. Students—In Theology, 102; Law, 23; in College Course, 75; in
other studies, 7,852. Total, 8,052. Scholars taught by former pupils

30. of our schools, estimated at 150,000. Indians under the care of the
Association, 13,000.
WANTS.
1. A steady increase of regular income to keep pace with the growing
work. This increase can only be reached by regular and larger
contributions from the churches—the feeble as well as the strong.
2. Additional Buildings for our higher educational institutions, to
accommodate the increasing numbers of students; Meeting Houses for
the new churches we are organizing; More Ministers , cultured and
pious, for these churches.
3. Help for Young Men, to be educated as ministers here and
missionaries to Africa—a pressing want.
Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A.
office, as below:
New York H. W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street.
Boston Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Room 21 Congregational House.
Chicago Rev. Jas. Powell, 112 West Washington Street.
MAGAZINE.
This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the
Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all clergymen
who take up collections for the Association; to Superintendents of
Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to Theological Seminaries; to
Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and to every donor who does not
prefer to take it as a subscriber, and contributes in a year not less
than five dollars.
Those who wish to remember the American Missionary Association in
their last Will and Testament, are earnestly requested to use the
following

31. FORM OF A BEQUEST.
“I bequeath to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars in
trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person
who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the
‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be applied,
under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to
its charitable uses and purposes.”
The will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States three
are required—in other States only two], who should write against
their names, their places of residence [if in cities, their street and
number]. The following form of attestation will answer for every
State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published and declared by the
said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, in presence of us, who, at
the request of the said A. B., and in his presence, and in the
presence of each other, have hereunto subscribed our names as
witnesses.” In some States it is required that the Will should be
made at least two months before the death of the testator.

32. PAYSON’S
Indelible Ink,
FOR MARKING ANY FABRIC WITH A
COMMON PEN, WITHOUT
A PREPARATION.
It still stands unrivaled after 50 years’ test.
THE SIMPLEST & BEST.
Sales now greater than ever before.
This Ink received the Diploma and Medal at Centennial over all rivals.
Report of Judges: “For simplicity of application and indelibility.”
INQUIRE FOR
PAYSON’S COMBINATION!!!
Sold by all Druggists, Stationers and News Agents, and by many Fancy
Goods and Furnishing Houses.
MANHATTAN LIFE
INSURANCE CO. of NEW YORK.
ORGANIZED IN 1850.
Over Thirty Years’ Business Experience.
AGENTS WANTED. Apply at the Home Office.
HENRY STOKES, President.
J. L. HALSEY, Secretary.

33. WHITE and DECORATED
French China and English Porcelain at Low Prices.
Fine White French China Dinner Sets, 149 pieces$30.00
Fine White French China Tea Sets, 44 pieces 7.00
Fine Gold-band French China Tea Sets, 44 pieces8.50
Richly Decorated French China Tea Sets, 44 pieces12.00
Chamber Sets, 11 pieces, $4.00; white 3.25
White English Porcelain Dinner Sets, 100 pieces14.00
Silver plated Dinner Knives, per doz. 3.00
ALSO ALL HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS .
Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List mailed free on
application. Estimates furnished.
C. L. Hadley, Cooper Inst., N.Y. City.
Orders boxed and placed on Car or Steamer, free of
charge. Sent C.O.D. or P.O. Money Order.

34. J. & R.
LAMB,
59 Carmine St.,
NEW YORK.
ARTISTIC STAIN’D
GLASS
MEMORIAL WINDOWS,
MEMORIAL TABLETS.
Sterling Silver Communion Services.
Send for Hand Book by Mail.

35. J. B. WILLIAMS & CO.,
GLASTONBURY, CONN.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Shaving and Toilet Soaps.
For over 30 years this firm has made the
manufacture of Shaving Soaps a specialty, and
their Yankee Barber’s Bar, and other Soaps, enjoy
a reputation among Barbers, as well as those who
shave themselves, unequaled by any other.
To all of our readers who are seeking for the very
best Shaving Soap, we would say, be sure and
get some of the following (carefully avoiding
counterfeits):
GENUINE YANKEE SOAP,
BARBER’S FAVORITE SOAP,
CLIPPER SHAVING SOAP,
VERBENA CREAM TABLET,
POCKET SHAVING SOAP,
TONSORIAL SOAP,
BARBER’S BAR SOAP,
MUG SHAVING SOAP.
These Soaps can be found in every State, and
nearly every town in the United States.

36. GREGORY’S
SEED CATALOGUE.
My Annual Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seed
FOR 1881,
Rich in engravings from photographs of
the originals, will be sent
FREE TO ALL WHO APPLY.
My old customers need not write for it. I offer one of the
largest collections of Vegetable seed ever sent out by any
Seed House in America, a large portion of which were grown
on my five seed farms. Full directions for cultivation on each
package. All seed
Warranted to be both Fresh and True to Name:
so far, that should it prove otherwise,
I will refill the order gratis.
The original introducer of the Hubbard Squash, Phinney’s
Melon, Marblehead Cabbages, Mexican Corn, and scores of
other vegetables, I invite the patronage of all who are
anxious to have their seed directly from the grower, fresh,
true, and of the very best strains.
NEW VEGETABLES A SPECIALTY.
JAMES J. H. GREGORY,
Marblehead, Mass.

37. RIDLEYS’
FASHION MAGAZINE
SUMMER, 1881,
NOW READY.
CONTAINS
Over 100 Large Quarto Pages,
ENTERTAINING STORIES,
in Prose and Verse,
INTERESTING HOME ARTICLES,
ILLUSTRATED FASHIONS,
With valuable information for those living at a distance
from New York on the many perplexing questions of
“WHAT TO WEAR.”
ISSUED QUARTERLY,
50c per Annum; Single Copies, 15c.
This publication should be found in every household. It contains the
Lowest New York Prices, and is an invaluable guide to intelligent and
economical shopping.
E. RIDLEY & SONS, Publishers,
GRAND AND ALLEN STS.,
New York.

38. NEW AND IMPROVED STYLES THIS SEASON.
MASON
AND
HAMLIN
ORGANS
BEST IN THE WORLD: winners of highest distinction
at EVERY GREAT WORLD’S FAIR FOR THIRTEEN
YEARS. Prices, $51, $57, $66, $84, $108, to $508
and upward. For easy payments, $6.30 a quarter
and upward. Catalogues free. MASON & HAMLIN
ORGAN CO., 154 Tremont Street, Boston; 46 East
14th Street, NEW YORK; 149 Wabash Ave.,
CHICAGO.
FUN FOR THE BOYS
Here you are boys! Just the thing for a little harmless
masquerading. The mustaches are made of genuine
hair, can be fastened to or removed from the face
with ease, and when worn cannot be told from the
real production. Boys and young men can have hosts
of fun putting them on in a crowd of friends, who will
be greatly astonished at the sudden transformation.
Three colors, light, dark brown, and black. Goatees to
match. PRICE BY MAIL, MUSTACHES 20 CTS.
GOATEES 15 CENTS. Valuable Catalogue of Agents
goods free, World Manuf’g Co. 122
Nassau St, New York.
$2 FOR THIS STYLE OF
FOLDING STEAMER CHAIR .

39. Solid Black Walnut. Length, 5 ft. 6 in.; width, 1 ft. 9
in. Packed in Burlaps and delivered to any R. R.
depot or Steamboat landing for 25 cents extra.
Brooklyn Furniture Co.,
559 to 571 FULTON ST.,
Brooklyn, N.Y.
Illustrated price list of Furniture mailed free.

INVALID ROLLING-CHAIR.
(RECLINING.)
A PRICELESS BOON to
those who are UNABLE
TO WALK. LEONARD
BACON, D.D., HON. A. H.
STEVENS, M.C., and
OTHERS recommend
them. SEND FOR
CIRCULAR.

FOLDING CHAIR CO., New Haven Ct.

40. BISCOTINE,
FOOD for CHILDREN and INVALIDS.
Glycerine Sans Pareil Hair Tonic,
Toilet
Waters,
Violet,
New Mown
Hay,
Heliotrope,
&c.

TRADE-MARK.
Established 1770.

Sachets
D’Iris
de Florence.
Compound
Orris
Dentifrice
DELLUC & CO., French Pharmacists,
Send for Circular.
635 Broadway, N.Y.
T. H. JOHNSON’S
“FRUIT

OF
THE
VINE.”
Pure juice of Grapes for communion, received Centennial MEDAL.
Circulars free. Ask for T. H. JOHNSON’S, New Brunswick, N.J.
Nat’l Temperance Society, 58 Reade St., N.Y., Cong’l and Bapt.
Publication Societies, Boston.
THE THIRTY-FIFTH VOLUME
OF THE

41. American Missionary.
1881.
Shall we not have a largely increased Subscription List
for 1881?
We regard the Missionary as the best means of communication with our
friends, and to them the best source of information regarding our work.
A little effort on the part of our friends, when making their own remittances,
to induce their neighbors to unite in forming Clubs, will easily double our list,
and thus widen the influence of our Magazine, and aid in the enlargement of
our work.
Under editorial supervision at this office, aided by the steady contributions of
our intelligent missionaries and teachers in all parts of the field, and with
occasional communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere, the
American Missionary furnishes a vivid and reliable picture of the work going
forward among the Indians, the Chinamen on the Pacific Coast, and the
Freedmen as citizens in the South and as missionaries in Africa.
It will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting the races
among which it labors, and will give a monthly summary of current events
relating to their welfare and progress. Patriots and Christians interested in the
education and Christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it, and
assist in its circulation. Begin with the January number and the new year. The
price is only Fifty Cents per annum.
The Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if preferred, to the persons indicated
on page 191. Donations and subscriptions should be sent to
H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,
56 Reade Street, New York.
TO ADVERTISERS.
Special attention is invited to the advertising department of the American
Missionary. It numbers among its regular readers very many frugal, well-to-do
people in nearly every city and village throughout our Northern and Western

42. States. It is therefore a specially valuable medium for advertising all articles
commonly used in families of liberal, industrious and enterprising habits of life.
Advertisements must be received by the tenth of the month, in order to secure
insertion in the following number. All communications in relation to advertising
should be addressed to
THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ADVERTISING
DEPARTMENT,
56 Reade Street, New York.
Our friends who are interested in the Advertising Department of the American
Missionary, can aid us in this respect by mentioning, when ordering goods,
that they saw them advertised in our Magazine.
DAVID H. GILDERSLEEVE, PRINTER, 101 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK.

43. Transcriber’s Notes
Obvious printer’s punctuation errors corrected.
Inconsistent hyphenation retained due to contributions by various
authors.
“Millyille” changed to “Millville” on page 186.

44. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN
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