ASSERTION-----------COUNTERCLAIMSSSS.pptx

Assertion RWS

1. ASSERTION & COUNTERCLAIMS READING & WRITING SKILLS

2. INTRODUCTION: Reading as a critical element of literacy is very essential for individuals’ success. It is one of the ways that we use language in our daily life to gather information, communicate with others and for enjoyment. Hence, reading always occurs in context. Thus, when you read and evaluate the text you are reading, it is important to validate your assertions and counterclaims with valid evidences to produce meaningful evaluative statements.

3. INTRODUCTION: This module is all about formulating evaluative statements about a text read which will be broken down into two lessons. Lesson 1: Assertions about the content and properties of text Lesson 2: Counterclaims in response to claims made in a text

4. ASSERTION: Becoming a good critical reader means that you are able to logically evaluate the claims of the writer. Assertions become the primary channel for a reader to assent to a claim. Assertion is a stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact. Often, it is without proof or any support.

5. ASSERTION: It is a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. Its purpose is to express ideas or feelings directly, for instance, “I have put my every effort to complete this task today. “Standing up for your rights and not being taken advantage of is one definition of being assertive. It also means communicating what you really want in a clear fashion, respecting your own rights and feelings and the rights and feelings of others.

6. ASSERTION: Assertion is an honest and appropriate expression of one’s feelings, opinions, and needs. A way to convince a critical reader to accept the writer’s claim is to formulate assertions. Assertions, as defined by Tiongson (2016), are “declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else.” These sentences may either be statements of truths or opinions. There are four common types of assertion enumerated by Tiongson.

7. FOUR TYPES OF ASSERTION : Statement of Fact - This is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experiences, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research. Statement of Opinion - Opinions are based on facts, but are difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.

8. FOUR TYPES OF ASSERTION : Statement of Convention - A convention is a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms. Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs. Statement of Preference - Preferences are based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.

9. COUNTERCLAIMS: To be an effective critical thinker, it is not enough just to be able to identify claims and assertions. It is also important to have the ability to analyze an argument and counterclaims. Counterclaims are claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument.

10. COUNTERCLAIMS: Counterclaims – answer the question “What are other credible possibilities? The following questions will help you formulate a counterclaim: What are the major points on which you and the author can disagree? What is the strongest argument? What did they say to defend their position?

11. COUNTERCLAIMS: What are the merits of their view? What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument? Are there any hidden assumptions? Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you have formulated?

12. STEPS IN WRITING A COUNTERCLAIMS: Step One – Ways to begin counterclaim paragraphs: Many people believe that . . . It is often thought that . . . It might seem as if . . . While it is common . . .

13. STEPS IN WRITING A COUNTERCLAIMS: Step Two – Ways to transition from the opposite side back to your opinion: What this argument fails to consider is . . . This view sounds convincing at first but . . . Although the core claim is valid, it suffers from the flaw in its . . .

14. STEPS IN WRITING A COUNTERCLAIMS: Step Three – Write a counterclaim. Use one of the sentence starters in step one. Remember to transition back to your opinion. Use one of the sentences starters in step two.

15. EXAMPLE OF COUNTERCLAIMS: It is often thought that social studies is the favorite academic class for junior high school students. However, what this argument fails to consider is that science allows for more hands-on activities. For example, when studying amphibians, you get to dissect a frog rather than just read about an event from the past.

16. ACTIVITY # 3: Direction: Formulate assertions based on the given pictures.

17. EXAMPLE: Statement of Convention: GMA, being the vice president, advance to the presidential position when Estrada stepped down from his office. Statement of Fact: GMA is the second woman president of the Philippine Republic Statement of Opinion: I think our country's situation will continue to become worse under Gloria's administration. Statement of Preference: Estrada was more concerned with the masses compared to GMA.  

18. ACTIVITY # 3: Statement of Convention: ________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Statement of Fact: ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Statement of Opinion: ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Statement of Preference: ________________________________ _______________________________________________________

19. ACTIVITY # 3: Direction: Read the given claims. Write your counterclaim based on the given claims.

20. EXAMPLE: Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.   Counterclaim: Many people believe that hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution. This view sounds convincing at first but instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages a culture of driving even if it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging the use of mass transit systems.

21. ACTIVITY # 3: 1. Claim: Tracking devices on phones is a good idea because if you go somewhere your parents will know your whereabouts. 1. Counterclaim: _____________________________ 2. Claim : Being grounded is a good idea depending on what they did . 2. Counterclaim : ___________________________