asthma causes, symptoms and treatment.pptx

Basics of asthma

1. Daktar hanan ASTHMA

2. DEFINITION: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The chronic inflammation causes an increase in the airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough particularly at night or early in morning.

3. TRIGGERING FACTORS: Allergen inhalation : Animal House dust .   Cockroaches. Pollens .   Air pollutants : Exhaust fumes . Perfumes. Oxidants. Cigarette smoke .

4. TRIGGERING FACTORS: Drugs: Aspirin .  NSAIDs . ẞ- adrenergic blockers. Occupational exposures : Metal salts.  Wood and vegetable dusts. Industrial chemicals and plastics . O thers: Viral upper respiratory infection.  Sinusitis. Exercise and cold dry air.  Food addictives .

5. TYPES OF ASTHMA: ALLERGIC ASTHMA (extrinsic asthma): When the symptoms are induced by a hyperimmune response to the inhalation of specific allergen .   Type I (Immediate) hypersensitivity reaction is the basis of the IgE . NON-ALLERGGIC ASTHMA (Intrinsic asthma): This type of asthma is triggered by the presence of irritants in the air that are not related to allergies . This irritants stimulate parasympathetic nerve fibers in the airways causing broncho -constriction and inflammation . MIXED ASTHMA: Mixed asthma is the combination of both allergic and non-allergic asthma. This is the most common form of asthma.

6. TYPES OF ASTHMA: COUGH- VARIANT ASTHMA: This does not have the classic symptoms of asthma- such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Instead It is characterized by one symptom, EXERCISE INDUCED ASTHMA: Affects the person during or after physical activity . NOCTURNAL ASTHMA: Characterized by symptoms that gets worsen at night. Those who suffer from nocturnal asthma can also experience symptoms any time of day . OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA: Induced by triggers that exists in person's workplace including textiles, farming and wood working.

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Wheezing. Dyspnoea . Cough. Chest tightness . Expiration may be prolonged . Secretions may be white, thick, tenacious, gelatinous mucus.

8. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: History. Physical examination . PFT.   Peak expiratory flow rate .   Chest X-ray .   ABG or oximetry .   Allergy skin testing .   Blood level of eosinophils and IgE .

9. COMPLICATIONS: Rib fracture Pneumothorax   Atelectasis   Pneumonia   Status asthmaticus

10. MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA A drenergics (Beta 2 Agonists) ( Albuterol ) S teroids T heophylline   H ydration (IV )   M ask O2 A nticholinergics

11. DRUG THERAPY: Long term control medicines. Anti-inflammatory drugs Corticosteroids Bronchodilators Long acting ẞ2 - adrenergic agonists   Theophylline Quick relief medicines. Bronchodilators . Short acting inhaled ẞ2 - adrenergic agonists .   Anticholinergics Corticosteroids .

12. PATIENT TEACHING RELATED TO DRUG THERAPY: Should include the name, dosage, method of administration and schedule, taking into consideration meal times and activities of daily living .   Include purpose, side effects, appropriate action if side effects occur, consequences of improper use, and the importance of refilling the prescription before the medicines runs out.   NON-PRESCRIPTION COMBINATION DRUGS : Several non prescription combination drugs are available OTC .   They are usually combination of a bronchodilator and an expectorant . Ex.: Epinephrine .

13. CONCLUSION Eating fish oil, rich in omega 3 fatty acids, could help reduce the risk by nearly 70 per cent. Fish oil is dubbed as one of the healthiest foods you can add to your diet. It is enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or n-3 and contains omega fatty acids 3 and 6, which is known to play a crucial role in brain development and facilitate functioning of central nervous system .

14. THANKS