Atherosclerosis. pptx

atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque.

1. ATHEROSCLEROSIS

2. Introduction Atherosclerosis is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is also known as Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease or ASVD ). It is commonly referred to as a hardening or furring of the arteries.

3. Cont…. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries. It can restrict blood flow. These plaques can also burst, causing a blood clot. Although atherosclerosis is often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere in your body . Atherosclerosis is a preventable and treatable condition.

4. Definition A  process of  progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining.

5. Causes of Atherosclerosis D amage or injury to the inner layer of an artery that may be caused by High blood pressure High cholesterol An irritant, such as nicotine Certain diseases, such as diabetes

6. Risk factors Hardening of the arteries occurs over time. Aging is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Other things that may increase the risk of atherosclerosis include:

7. Signs and Symptoms Chest pain (angina). Atherosclerosis in the arteries leading to brain , have symptoms such as Sudden numbness or weakness in arms or legs, Difficulty speaking or slurred speech, or drooping muscles in face.

8. Cont…. Atherosclerosis in the arteries in arms and legs , produces decreased blood flow is called peripheral artery occlusive disease ( PAOD) have symptoms such as leg pain when walking Sometimes atheroscle rosis causes erectile dysfunction in men . high blood pressure or kidney failure.

9. Tests and diagnosis

10. Treatments and drugs Lifestyle changes , such as eating a healthy diet and exercising , are often the first line of defense in treating atherosclerosis. M edication or surgical procedures may be recommended as well. Cholesterol medications- cholesterol medications includes drugs known as statins and fibrates. Anti-platelet medications such as aspirin, to reduce the likelihood that platelets will clump in narrowed arteries, form a blood clot and cause further blockage. Anticoagulants- An anticoagulant, such as heparin or warfarin can help thin blood to prevent clots from forming.

11. Cont….. Blood pressure medications- Medications to control blood pressure such as beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers can help slow the progression of atherosclerosis Certain  medications  to control specific risk factors for  atheroscleros s , such as diabetes.  Surgical  procedure- Angioplasty and Bypass Surgery ( Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery) Thrombolytic therapy - Insert a clot dissolving drug   into    artery   at   The  point of the clot to break it up.

12. Prevention Quitting smoking Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Maintaining a healthy weight Checking and maintaining a healthy blood pressure Checking and maintaining healthy cholesterol and blood sugar levels

13. Complications Coronary artery disease Carotid artery disease Peripheral artery disease Aneurysms Chronic kidney disease.  

14. Summary So far today we have discussed about atherosclerosis.

15. Expected Questions Short Describe the Atherosclerosis.

16. References Jacob Anthikad , Biochemistry for nurses Pankaja Naik , Essentials of Biochemistry Satyanarayan , Essentials of Biochemistry A. C. Deb, Biochemistry

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