Atomic Energy Minerals_AkashNaik.pptx

Atomic Energy Minerals

1. A Seminar On ATOMIC ENERGY MINERALS Jiwaji University, Gwalior Under The Guidance By :- Submitted By :- Dr. Jai Prakash Gautam Akash Naik S.O.S Earth Science M.Sc. 3 rd SEM

2. Content :- Atomic Energy Minerals Highlight - Atomic mineral reserves in India Highlight - Largest producing atomic minerals in world Atomic minerals in India – minerology, uses, occurance and distribution Uranium Thorium Beryllium Lithium Conclusion Bibliography

3. Atomic Energy Minerals Atomic minerals are the most important among non-fossil energy resources. They are found in the slate rocks of the pre-Cambrian (Archean Schist) and Dharwar periods in India. Uranium and Thorium are major minerals for the production of atomic energy. Uranium is mined from pitchblende, uranite, autunite, carnotite, uraconite whereas for thorium is obtained mainly from monazite, thorite and thorianite. Thorium is also obtained from beryllium, zircon, antimony and graphite.

4. Atomic Minerals Found in Largest Producing State India’s Reserve (in tonnes) Uranium Andhra Pradesh, Bihar Chattisgarh, Jharkhand Kerala, Madhya Pradesh Meghalaya Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand 1,29,000 Thorium Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh 8,46,000 Beryllium Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka, Kerala Madhya Pradesh, Mysore Odisha, Rajasthan Tamil Nadu, West Bengal Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh ------- Lithium Bihar, Karnataka, M.P, Maharashtra, Rajasthan Karnataka -------- Highlight - Atomic Mineral reserves found in India

5. Atomic Minerals Largest Producing Country Reserve (in tonnes) Uranium Kazakshthan 906,800 MT Thorium India 1070 TT Beryllium United State 170 TT Lithium Australia 40 TT Highlight - Largest producing Atomic Minerals in World

6. Atomic minerals in India U ranium: - Uranium is the primary fuel for nuclear reactors and must be managed properly, in a safe and sustainable manner. - Uranium metal is white and hard having a specific gravity 18.68, discovered in 1789 by Klaproth. - Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching and by borehole. - The upper layers of earth’s contain about 40 trillion tonnes of uranium. - The total reserves of uranium as estimated by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, are about 3,82,675 tonnes.

7. As uranium is radio active metal it does not found in native form, it founds combine with the minerals

8. Over the years of dedicated work, researcher has identified and established different place of Uranium deposits/distribution of India:- Vein type Uranium deposits : - Found along Singhbhum Shear Zone in Jharkhand at Jadguda(Second Largest mine), Narwa Pahar, Bhatin, Bagjata , Turamdih, Bandhuhuran, Central Keraudungri, Kanyaluka, Mohuldih & Nandup and Bodal & Jajwal in Chattisgarh. b) Sandstone type deposits : - At Domiasiat & Wahkyn in Meghalaya. c) Unconformity deposits : - At Lambapur – Peddagattu d) Strata-bound type deposits : - At Tummalapalle(Largest mine) in Andhra Pradesh. e) Thrust deposits : - Include Gogi in Bhima basin, Karnataka; Koppunuru in Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh; Wakhyn in Mahadek basin, Meghalaya and Rohil in Aravalli-Delhi basins, Rajasthan. - The potential basins identified are Chattisgarh basin; Gwalior basin in MP; and Kunjar basin in Odisha.

9. https://www.inform.kz/fotoarticles/20190208171134.jpg https://img.etimg.com/thumb/msid-42539299,width-300,imgsize-46458,,resizemode-4,quality-100/.jpg Kazakhstan Uranium Mine Jadaguda Uranium Mine

10. https://cdn.mindspritesolutions.com/examrace/Current-Affairs/posts/6e/6e200402844de30712c93b659d6e5b682ff368b0657d55b40c5dff0e6f97c7c3/Map-of-Atomic-Minerals-in-India.jpg

11. Uses of Uranium - Uranium is a very important element because it provides us with nuclear fuel used to generate electricity in nuclear power stations.(1kg of uranium give rise to 100,000KW power) - The disintegration of uranium and uranium minerals gives rise to radium(Ra) which is important for cancer treatment in certain X-rays apparatus. - Uranium is also used by the military to power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium is uranium that has much less uranium-235 than natural uranium. It is considerably less radioactive than natural uranium. It is a dense metal that can be used as ballast for ships and counterweights for aircraft. It is also used in ammunition and armor. Uranium salt is used to give yellow to brown colours for glass and glazes and for special alloys of steel, copper and nickel.

12. Thorium: - Thorium  is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element. - Thorium is silvery and tarnishes black when it is exposed to air, forming thorium dioxide; it is moderately soft and malleable and has a high melting point . - It is derived from monazite or else by product of rare earth minerals. - It is produced in Kerala, Jharkhand, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan. - In India there is 9,63,000 tonnes of Thorium and in World 19,00,000 tonnes. - There are two categories of thorium minerals for thorium extraction: primary and secondary. Primary deposits occur in acidic granitic magmas and pegmatites. They are concentrated, but of small size. Secondary deposits occur at the mouths of rivers in granitic mountain regions. In these deposits, thorium is enriched along with other heavy minerals.  

13. https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780081003077000107-f10-04-9780081003077.jpg Mountain Pass Thorium mine, South California https://images.newindianexpress.com/uploads/user/imagelibrary/2022/8/5/w1200X800/SCCL.jpg Thorium mine, Andhra Pradesh

14. https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/dte/userfiles/images/20111215_12.jpg State Monazite (Million tonnes) Odisha 2.41 Andhra Pradesh 3.72 Tamil Nadu 2.46 Kerala 1.90 West Bengal 1.22 Jharkhand 0.22 Total 11.93

15. Uses of Thorium As thorium is radioactive, its uses mainly lie in nuclear fuel applications. It is helpful in radiometric dating. Used as an alloying element in magnesium, to coat tungsten wire in electrical equipment. Used in manufacturing lenses for cameras and scientific instruments. Used in nuclear reactors as it does not generate plutonium.

16. Beryllium: It is steel-gray, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal. Beryllium does not occur native in nature, it’s principal source is Beryl. Berylllium is extracted from its ore electrolysis in a fluoride bath containing sodium and barium. Generally, the occurrence of beryl is confined to pegmatite dikes, in acid granites and gneisses of the Dharwar basement complex. Also occur as alluvial deposits as placers after being derived from the host rock, pegmatite. The more productive beryl deposits are found in Bihar, parts of Rajasthan and Madras. Here beryl occurs at the edges of the prominent quartz cores of pegmatites and in the feldspathic rim surrounding it. Total world reserves of beryllium ore are  greater than 4,00,000 tonnes . Production of beryl in India was insignificant before the war, but since 1949 the annual output has been in some years 2000 to 3000 tons. https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/images/thumb/a/a2/Be.png/300px-Be.png

17. https://nma.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Materion-Beryllium-Mine-Delta.jpg Materion Beryllium mine, U.S https://www.icmj.com/userfiles/images/200305/23-figure-2.jpg Utah red beryl mine, U.S

18. Uses of Beryllium Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Mixing beryllium with these metals increases their electrical and thermal conductivity. Other beryllium alloys are used as structural materials for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and communication satellites as strong and lite weight. Beryllium absorbs X-rays to a lesser extent than any other metal and so it is used in X-rays tubes. The oxide has a very high melting point making it useful in nuclear work as well as having ceramic applications. Beryl is also used as gems. Varieties are emerald and aquamarine.

19. Lithium - It is a soft, silvery-white  alkali metal and i t  constitutes  about 0.002 percent of Earth’s crust. - lithium is highly  reactive  and flammable, and must be stored in vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid such as purified kerosene or mineral oil. - I t exhibits a metallic  luster , but moist air  corrodes  it quickly to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. - It never occurs freely in nature, but only compounds , such as  pegmatitic  minerals, which were once the main source of lithium. - The main sources of lithium are  brines  and  ores. - Lithium is also found in  pegmatite  ores, such as  spodumene  and  lepidolite , or in  amblygonite ores, with Lithium oxide contents ranging between 4 and 8.5 percent. - Lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of a fused mixture of lithium and  potassium  chlorides. - World has 14 million tonnes lithium reserve.

20. https://gumlet.assettype.com/swarajya%2F2018-08%2F1877d868-fee8-4982-ae8d-e7dc802305b5%2F254f31de_fbc3_4002_98be_c184e51aabd1.jpg?q=75&auto=format%2Ccompress&w=1200 https://batteryindustry.tech/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/lithiummine.jpg Lithium reserve, Karnataka Lithium mine, Mexico

21. Uses of Lithium - The most important use of lithium is in rechargeable batteries for mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras and electric vehicles. Lithium is also used in some non-rechargeable batteries for things like heart pacemakers, toys and clocks. - Lithium metal is made into alloys with aluminium and magnesium, improving their strength and making them lighter. A magnesium-lithium alloy is used for armour plating. Aluminium-lithium alloys are used in aircraft, bicycle frames and high-speed trains. - Lithium oxide is used in special glasses and glass ceramics. Lithium chloride is also used for absorbing moisture in air conditioning and industrial drying systems. - Lithium carbonate is used in drugs to treat manic depression . - Lithium hydride is used as a means of storing hydrogen for use as a fuel. https://www.theindianwire.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/images-1-2.png

22. Conclusion :- - Among all the Atomic energy minerals Uranium and Thorium are the major source atomic minerals. - Uranium is mainly used for nuclear reactor that produce electricity and it is used in medical, industry etc. - Thorium also mainly used as nuclear fuel and then for radiometric dating, used as alloy and etc. - Beryllium is mainly used in alloys with copper to make product like electrodes, springs, electrodes, non sparking tools and also used in X-ray tubes because its absorb less rays. - Lithium is mainly used for rechargeable batteries as well as in non-rechargeable batteries and then used as alloy with aluminium and magnesium improving their strength and making them lighter and also used in drugs for manic treatment.

23. Bibliography:- Prasad, Umeshwar.  Economic Geology: Economic Mineral Deposits . CBS Pub., 2006. Bateman, Alan M.  Economic mineral deposits , 1950. https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/atomic-minerals-1448695896-1#:~:text=Uranium%20and%20Thorium%20are%20major,%2C%20zircon%2C%20antimony%20and%20graphite . https://dae.gov.in/node/sites/default/files/atomicminerals.pdf https://www.pmfias.com/uranium-thorium-distribution-advantages-uranium-india-nuclear-power-plants/ https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/4/uranium

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