ATOMIC STRUCTURES. pptx by Romesa Rehman

The PowerPoint presentation on atomic structures will provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental components of atoms and their organization. This presentation will cover topics such as the structure of an atom, including the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons. It will also delve into the concept of atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and electron configurations. Additionally, there will be a discussion on the significance of atomic structures in understanding the behavior and properties of elements. The presentation will utilize visual aids, diagrams, and interactive elements to help the audience grasp these complex concepts. By the end of the presentation, viewers will have a solid understanding of atomic structures and their significance in the world of chemistry and physics.

1. ATOMIC STRUCTURES

2. ATOM AND ITS STRUCTURE Matter is made up of smallest particle called ATOM The word ATOM is derived from Greek word ATOMOS means INDIVISIBLE It was first name by Greek Philosopher DEMOCRITUS and discovered by JOHN DALTON Now it is discovered that atoms are made up of three sub atomic particles : *Protons *Electrons *Neutrons

3. DISCOVERY OF SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES

4. ELECTRON Discovered by J.J Thomson in 1897 by “Cathode Ray” experiment. Carries negative (-ve) charge but magnitude(quantity) of electron have positive (+ve) charge. Mass of electron is “1836” time less than proton and “1839” times less than neutron Mass of electron is 9.11x10 -28  grams. The charge of electron is -1.602 x 10 -19  C.

5. CATHODE RAY TUBE EXPERIMENT

6. PROTON Discovered by Gold Stein by “Cathode ray tube” experiment in 1886. Gold stein discovered positive particle but actually Rutherford discovered PROTON The name proton is given by Rutherford and it is proven by “Gold foil” experiment. The mass of proton is 1.67x10 -24  grams. It carries (+ve) charge  +1.6×10−19 coulomb (C).

7. CATHODE RAY TUBE EXPERIMENT

8. NEUTRON Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 by an experiment in which he bombarded Beryllium with alpha particles from the natural radioactive decay of Polonium. The charge of neutron is 0 coulomb They are slightly heaver than proton The mass of neutron is 1.67x10 -24  grams

9. ARTIFICAL RADIOACTIVITY EXPERIMENT

10. ATOMIC ISOTOPES Atoms having same atomic number but different mass number are called ISOTOPES When these isotopes emits radiations they are called Radioactive isotopes.

11. Electronic Configuration of electrons 1 2

12. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY