Atomic-Theory-of-matter_20240411_002814_0000.pdf

Science

2. In 400 bc Democritus a philosopher he believed that
all matter was composed of small finite particles
that they called atomos. Atomos is a term of derived
from the Greek word for "invisible".

3. In 1803 John Dalton also know as father of modern
chemistry was the first to recognize the atoms and
suggested that all matter was comprised of infivisible
and indestructible atoms with distinct masses and
properties, the combination of which determined the
physical nature of their constituent elements.

4. Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical
elements. An atom consists of a nucleus of
protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by
an electromagnetically bound swarm of
electrons. The chemical elements are
distinguished from each other by the number of
protons that are in their atoms

5. The kinetic molecular theory of gases explains that
gas particles are in constant, random motion, and
this motion is related to the temperature, pressure,
and volume of the gas the invisible movements and
collisions of tiny particles.

6. The average kinetic energy of the
particles in a gas is proportional to the
temperature of the gas. Because the
mass of these particles is constant, the
particles must move faster as the gas
becomes warmer

7. Boyle's law is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the relationship between the
pressure and volume of a gas at a constant temperature. According to Boyle's law, the pressure of a
given mass of confined gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is kept
constant. In other words, if the volume of the gas increases, its pressure decreases, and vice versa,
provided the temperature does not change.