Atoms and molecules class 9 important questions science chapter 3 q &a

atoms and molecules

1. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
https://www.learninsta.com/chapter-wise-important-questions-class-9-science-atoms-and-molecules/ 1/19
Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important
Questions Science Chapter 3
August 3, 2020 by Prasanna
Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Science Important Questions with Answers PDF will help you in
scoring more marks in your exams.
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2. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions
and Answers Science Chapter 3
Question 1.
What is cation ? Give one example.
Answer:
A cation is an atom or group of atoms carrying positive charge on it.
More Resources
Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 9 Science
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science
NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 9 Science
Value Based Questions in Science for Class 9
HOTS Questions for Class 9 Science
Question 2.
Mention two postulates of Daltons atomic theory that explain :
(a) Law of conservation of mass.
(b) Law of constant proportions.
Answer:
(a) Law of conservation of mass: The total mass of the products in a physical change or a chemical
reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants that have combined.
(b) Law of constant proportions:  A pure chemical compound always consists of the same elements that
are combined together in a fix ed (or definite) pr oportion by mass.
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3. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Question 3.
Name the compound Al(SO), and mention the ions present in it.
Answer:
The compound is called aluminium sulphate; cation : Al ; anion : (SO)
Question 4.
Write the formulae and the names of the ions formed by the combination of
(i) Fe and SO
(ii) NH and CO . (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
(i) Fe(SO), : Ferric sulphate or Fe (III) sulphate.
(ii) (NH)CO : Ammonium carbonate or Ammonium(I)carbonate.
Question 5.
(a) Define ‘ atomic mass unit’. How is it linked with relative atomic mass ?
(b) How do you know the presence of atoms if they do not exist independently for most of the elements ?
(CBSE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Atomic mass unit (u) is 1/12 of the mass of one atom of C-12. Relative atomic mass of the atom of an
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4. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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element is the average mass of the atom as compared to 1/12th of the mass of C-12 atom .
(b) Atoms of most of the elements do not exist independently. However, they combine in specific numbers
to form molecules or ions which we can feel and know about their presence.
For example,
* A molecules of HSO consists of 2 atoms of H + 1 atom of S + 4 atoms of O
* A molecules of CHO consists of 12 atoms of C + 22 atoms of H + 11 atoms of O
* Ammonium ion (NH) consists of 1 atom of N + 4 atoms of H
Question 6.
With the help of a labelled diagram describe an activity to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass.
(CBSE 2011)
Answer:
In order to illustrate the law of conservation of mass, let us carry the same chemical reaction in the
laboratory. The procedure is quite simple. In a graduated cylinder, prepare about 10% solution of one of the
reactants say barium chloride in water. For that, weigh accurately 10 gram of the sample and dissolve in
water with stirring in the graduated cylinder. Add more of water so as to touch 100 mL mark. This is 10
percent solution of the reactant. Transfer a portion of this solution in a conical flask as shown in figur e 3.1.
In a similar manner, prepare 10% solution of sodium sulphate also. Take a portion of this solution in a small
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5. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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glass tube. Place the tube carefully in the flask without disturbing it. E ven a thread can be used for the
purpose. Cork the flask and weigh it on a balance. Shak e the flask for sometime b y hand so that the two
reactants mix together and react to form the products. Barium sulphate is in the form of a white precipitate.
The other product sodium chloride is water soluble. Weigh the flask again and notice if ther e is any change
in weight. No change will be noticed. This means that the mass of reactants is the same as the mass of the
products and this verifies the law of conservation of mass.
Question 7.
(a) Define A vogadro’s number. Why is it also known as Avogadro’s constant ?
(b) Calculate the molar mass of NaO.
(c) Find the mass of 10 moles of carbon dioxide. (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Avogadro’s number is the number of particles (atoms, ions, molecules etc.) present in one mole of any
substance. It is denoted either as N or as N. The number is also called Avogadro’s constant because its
value is fix ed (6.022 x 10) irrespective of the nature of the particles.
(b) Molar mass of NaO = 2 x Atomic mass of Na + Atomic mass of O
= 2 x 23 u + 16 u = 62 u
(c) Mass of 10 moles of CO= 10 x 44 u = 440 u.
Question 8.
(a) How many gram molecules of HSO are present in 4.9 g of the acid ?
(b) How many atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are present in 0-15 mole of water (HO) ? (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Gram molecular mass of HSO = 2 x 1 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 98 g
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6. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Question 9.
(a) Calculate the formula unit mass of NaSO
(b) What is the mass of one mole of sulphur atoms ?
(c) Convert 12 g of oxygen into mole. (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
(a) NaSO is an ionic compound. Therefore its formula unit mass is the same as its molecular mass
= 2 x 23 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 142 u
(b) The mass of one mole of sulphur atoms = 32 u.
(c) 32 g of sulphur = 1 mol
Question 10.
(a) Define at omic mass unit.
(b) Distinguish between molecular mass and molar mass.
Answer:
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7. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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(a) Atomic mass unit (u) is 1/12 of the mass of one atom of C-12. Relative atomic mass of the atom of an
element is the average mass of the atom as compared to 1/12th of the mass of C-12 atom.
(b) Molecular mass of a substance expressed in grams is known as its moles mass. This means that
molecular mass is expressed in units ‘u’ while molar mass is expressed in units ‘grams’.
Question 11.
What is meant by the term chemical formula ? Write the chemical formula of calcium oxide. Calculate its
formula unit mass. (Atomic mass of Ca = 40 u, O = 16 u).
Answer:
Molecule represents a group of two or more atoms (same or different) chemically bonded to each other and
held tightly by strong attractive forces. Molecules are represented in terms of symbols of constituting
atoms and it is known as chemical formula.
Chemical formula of calcium oxide = CaO.
Formula unit mass = Atomic mass of Ca + Atomic mass of O = (40 + 16) = 56 u.
Question 12.
Name a non-metal which is tetratomic. (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
The non-metal is phosphorus. It exists as molecule and is tetratomic.
Question 13.
Name the cation and anion which constitute the molecule of magnesium oxide. (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
The formula of magnesium oxide is MgO. The cation and anions which constitute the molecule are Mg
and O ions.
The percentage of three elements calcium , carbon and oxygen in a sample of calcium carbonate is given
as : Calcium = 40% ; Carbon = 12.0% ; Oxygen = 48%
Question 14.
If the law of constant proportion is true, what weights of these elements will be present in 1.5 g of another
sample of calcium. Carbonate ?
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8. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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(Atomic mass of Ca = 40 u, C = 12 u, O = 16 u). (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
We have learnt that according to the law of constant proportions, the percentages of the elements present
in different samples of a pure substance always remain the same. This means that in the second sample of
calcium carbonate, the ratio of the different elements present will remain the same or will remain
unchanged. Thus,
Question 15.
An element has valency 3. Write the formula of its oxide. (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
The valency of oxygen is 2 while that of element E is 3. The formula of the oxide of the element is : EO.
Question 16.
Calculate formula unit mass of Al(SO). (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Formula unit mass of Al(SO) (Aluminium sulphate)
= (2 x Atomic mass of Al) + (3 x Atomic mass of S) + (12 x Atomic mass of O)
= (2 x 27) + (3 x 32) + (12 x 16)
= (54 + 96 + 192) = 342 u.
Question 17.
(a) State six postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.
(b) A 0.24 g sample of compound of carbon and oxygen on analysis was found to contain 0.096 g of carbon
and 0.144 g of oxygen. Find the percentage composition of the compound by weight. (CBSE 2012)
23-49% -54% -41%
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9. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Answer:
(a) The important features of the Dalton’s Atomic Theory are listed :
1. Every matter is made up of very small particles known as atoms.
2. Atoms are the ultimate particles of matter and cannot be further sub-divided into smaller particles.
3. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during a physical change or a chemical reaction.
4. All atoms of a particular element are identical in all respects. This means that they have same mass,
size and also same chemical properties.
5. Atoms of different elements have different masses, sizes and also chemical properties.
6. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter which can take part in chemical combination.
7. Atoms of the same or different elements combine in small whole number ratios to form molecules of
a compound.
Question 18.
(a) Find the mass of 10 moles of sodium sulphite (NaSO).
(b) Calculate the number of molecules in 8 g of oxygen gas.
(c) Convert 22 g of CO into moles.
Answer:
Question 19.
How many grams of sodium will have the same number of atoms as 6 grams of magnesium ?
(Given Na = 23 u, Mg = 24 u) ? (CBSE 2012, 2016)
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10. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Answer:
Question 20.
Calculate the mass of 1.2044 x 10 molecules of O (Atomic mass of O = 16 u).
Answer:
6.022 x 10 (N) molecules of O have mass = 32 u
Question 21.
With the help of an activity, show that there is no change in mass when a chemical change (chemical
reaction) takes place. (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
The mass can neither he created nor destroyed in a physical change or a chemical reaction.
In other words, the mass remains unchanged or conserved in a chemical reaction. The law is also known as
the Law of Indestructibility of Matter.
Explanation : Let us try to analyse as to what happens in a chemical reaction. To understand the same, let
us consider a chemical reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulphate. When the solutions of
these reactants prepared separately in water are mixed, the following chemical reaction takes place :
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11. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Barium chloride + Sodium sulphate  ———– > Barium sulphate + Sodium chloride (white precipitate)
Question 22.
How are given mass, molar mass and number of moles related to each other ? (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
No. of moles = Mass/Molar mass.
Question 23.
(a) Define poly atomic ions. Write an example.
(b) Calculate the formula unit mass of CaCO(Atomic mass of C = 12 u, Ca = 40 u, O = 16 u)
(c) Calculate the molecular mass of the following :
(i) HNO
(ii) CHCOOH
Atomic mass of H = 14, N = 14 u, O = 16 u, C = 12 u) (CBSE 2013, 2015)
Answer:
(a) Polyatomic ions are the ions representing a group of atoms which carry either positive or negative
charge. For example, SO ion.
(b) Formula unit mass of CaCO = (1 x Atomic mass of Ca) + (1 x Atomic mass of C) + (3 x Atomic mass of
O)
= 4 (1 x 40 u) + (1 x 12 u) + (3 x 16 u) = 100 u .
(c) Molar mass of HNO = (1 x Atomic mass of H) + (1 x Atomic mass of N) + ( 3 x Atomic mass of O)
= (1 x 1 u) + (1 x 14 u) + (3 x 16 u) = 63 u.
Molecular mass of CHCOOH = (2 x Atomic mass of C) + (4 x Atomic mass of H) + (2 x Atomic mass of O) .
= (2 x 12 u) + (4 x 1 u) + (2 x 16 u) = 60u
Question 24.
What do you understand by 1 amu ? (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
1 amu (or lu) is l/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon taken as 12.
Question 25.
Write the molecular formulae of all the compounds that can be formed by the combination of the following
ions : Cu, Na, Fe, Cl, SO (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
In this case, the compounds can be formed by the combination of cations and anion. Therefore, the
molecular formulae of different compounds are :
CuCl, CuSO, NaCl, NaSO, FeCl, Fe(SO).
Question 26.
What are chemical reactions according to the Law of conservation of mass ? (CBSE 2013)
3
3
3
4
-2
3
3
3
2+ + 3+–
4
-2
2 4 24 3 2 43
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12. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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Answer:
According to law of conservation of mass, chemical reactions involve only the exchange of partners in the
reactants to form products. That is why, there is no change in mass.
Question 27.
Write any fiv e features of Dalton’s atomic theory. (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
The important features of the Dalton’s Atomic Theory are listed :
1. Every matter is made up of very small particles known as atoms.
2. Atoms are the ultimate particles of matter and cannot be further sub-divided into smaller particles.
3. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during a physical change or a chemical reaction.
4. All atoms of a particular element are identical in all respects. This means that they have same mass,
size and also same chemical properties.
5. Atoms of different elements have different masses, sizes and also chemical properties.
Question 28.
What is atomicity of an element ? Give two examples. (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
The atomicity of an element is the number of atoms present in one molecule of the element. For example,
Atomicity of oxygen in O = 2
Atomicity of oxygen in O = 3.
Question 29.
Write the chemical formulae of the following :
(a) Magnesium sulphate
(b) Calcium oxide
(c) Sodium sulphide
(d) Aluminium phosphate
(e) Potassium chloride
(f) Calcium carbonate. (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
(a) MgSO
(b) CaO
(c) NaS
(d) Al(PO)
(e) KCl
(f) CaCO.
Question 30.
A compound XH is formed by the combination of an element X with hydrogen. Find the valency of the
element. State the formula of the compound formed by the combination of
2
3
4
2
2 43
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(a) X with nitrogen
(b) X with oxygen. (CBSE 2014)
Answer:
In the compound XH, the valency of element X is 1.
(a) The valency of nitrogen is 3.
The valency of element X is 1.
The formula of the compound = NX
(b) The valency of oxygen is 2.
The valency of element X is 1.
The formula of the compound = OX
Question 31.
Calculate the number of molecules of SO present in 44 g of it.
Answer:
Question 32.
Write the Latin names of sodium and iron.
Answer:
Latin name of sodium (Na) = Natrium
Latin name of iron (Fe) = Ferrum.
Question 33.
Write the formula and names of the compounds formed by the following ions.
(a) Potassium ion and iodide ion.
(b) Sodium ion and sulphide ion.
(c) Aluminium ion and phosphate ion.
Answer:
The compounds are :
(a) KI (Potassium iodide)
(b) NaS (Sodium sulphide)
(c) AlPO(Aluminium phosphate)
Question 34.
Calculate formula unit mass of NaCO.10HO.
Answer:
Formula unit mass of Na2CO3.10H2O
3
2
2
2
4  
23 2
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= 2 x Atomic mass of Na + Atomic mass of C + 3 x Atomic mass of O + 10 x Molecular mass of HO
= 2 x 23 + 12 +3 x 16 + 10 x 18 = 286 u.
Question 35.
Calculate the number of molecules of sulphur (S) present in 128 g of sulphur.
Answer:
Question 36.
Calculate the number of oxygen atoms present in 120 g of nitric acid.
Answer:
Question 37.
What do you understand by the word ‘mole’ ? (CBSE 2015)
Answer:
A mole denotes Avogadro’s number of particles i.e., 6.022 x 10. These may be electrons, protons,
neutrons, atoms, ions etc.
Question 38.
In a chemical reaction, 10.6 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 12 g of ethanoic acid. The products
obtained were 4.4 g of carbon dioxide, 16.4 g of sodium ethanoate and 1.8 g of water.
(a) Write a word equation, clearly showing the reactants and products as given above.
(b) Also show that this data is in agreement with the law of conservation of mass. (CBSE 2015)
Answer:
2
8
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15. 2/5/22, 8:45 PM Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Important Questions Science Chapter 3
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(a) The word equation for the chemical reaction is :
(b) Mass of reactants = (10.6 + 12) = 22.6 g
Mass of products = (16.4 + 4.4 +1.8) = 22.6 g
Since the mass of reactant species is equal to the mass of the product species, the data illustrates the law
of conservation of mass.
Question 39.
What is the name given to the number of 6.022 x 10 particles ? (CBSE 2015)
Answer:
It is called Avogadro’s number and is denoted by the sign N or N.
Question 40.
Write the chemical names of the following compounds :
(a) KSO
(b) Mg(PO)
(c) NHCl
(d) ZnS
(e) NaN
(f) AgBr (CBSE 2015)
Answer:
(a) Potassium sulphate
(b) Magnesium phosphate
(c) Ammonium chloride
(d) Zinc sulphide
(e) Sodium nitride
(f) Silver bromide.
Question 41.
How did Berzelius assign symbols to the elements ? (CBSE 2016)
Answer:
23
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NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6
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