Atp-pc system

1. ENERGY
SYSTEMS

2. • All movements require the muscles to
contract.
• For this to happen we need energy.
BACKFLIP ON A SLACK LINE

3. Freestyle soccer

4. •To create this energy, chemical energy from
the food fuels that we eat is transformed
into mechanical energy.
Chemical energy in the body is stored as
Adenosine Triphosphate or (ATP)

5. Consists of Adenosine and three phosphates
Adenosine Triphosphate or (ATP)
ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE
HIGH ENERGY
BOND
By breaking the bond energy is released.

6. How is this energy bond broken down?
ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE
ATPase
ENER
GY
This then leaves Adenosine Diphosphate
(ADP) and a free phosphate.

7. As some energy is given off as heat, this
reaction is an
Summary
Adenosine
Triphosphate
Adenosine
Diphosphate
Phosphate Energy
ATP ADP P Energy
+ +
+ +

Exothermicreaction

8. …there is a limited supply of ATP within
the muscle cell.
Enough for 2-3 seconds of maximal effort.
Unfortunately…

9. RATE OF ENERGY
PRODUCTION
CONCENTRATION OF ATP
TIME
3 SECS 10 SECS 60 SECS 2 HRS
ATP STORE

10. Therefore to keep supplying
the body with energy, ATP has
to be
resynthesised.

11. Three energy systems or energy
pathways cause the resynthesis of ATP.
1.The ATP-PC or Alactic System
2.The Lactic Anaerobic System
3.The Aerobic System
Intensity and duration of the exercise and
whether oxygen is present decides which
system is to be used to generate ATP.

12. Adenosine Diphosphate
And free phosphate
Phosphocreatine / Creatine Phosphate (PC)
ATP-PC System or Alactic System
ADENOSINE
CREATINE PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE
Creatine Kinase
ENER
GY
PHOSPHATE
+PHOSPHATE

13. This energy system relies upon another
energy rich compound also found in the
muscle cell called
Phosphocreatine OR Creatine Phosphate (PC)
1) Phosphocreatine is broken down in the
muscle cell by the enzyme creatine kinase.
2) Creatine kinase has been stimulated by
the increase in ADP and ‘free’ phosphates
resulting from the breakdown of ATP.
ATP-PC System or Alactic System

14. 3) The energy release from the breakdown
of phosphocreatine is not used for muscle
contraction, but instead is used to rebuild
ATP.
4) This then means that ATP can be broken
down to release energy.

15. Summary
ADENOSINE P P P
ATPase
ENE
RGY
CREATINE P
Creatine Kinase
ENE
RGY
ADENOSINE P P P

16. ATP-PC System or Alactic System is
exhausted rapidly and can only last for
between 3 and 10 seconds.
CONCENTRATION OF ATP
TIME
3 SECS 10 SECS 60 SECS 2 HRS
ATP STORE
ATP-PC
SYSTEM

17. The system is therefore suited to
activities that are high in
intensity and short in duration .

18. The system is therefore suited to
activities that are high in
intensity and short in duration .

21. POGO STICK

22. BELT FLIPS

23. Advantages of the ATP-PC
System to the Athlete
ATP can be resynthesised very rapidly.
PC stores are recovered very quickly, within 2-3
minutes of stopping exerise.
The above means that high intensity can be used once
again.
It is an anaerobic process, therefore it doesn’t have
to wait 3 minutes for sufficient oxygen to be
present.
No fatiguing by-products which could delay recovery.
Some athletes may seek to extend the time they can
use this system for through creatine supplements.

24. Disadvantages of the ATP-PC
System to the Athlete
There is only a limited supply of phosphocreatine
stored in the muscles.
Only sufficient PC available to resynthesise ATP for
approx 10 seconds.
Fatigue occurs when PC levels fall significantly.
Resynthesis of PC can only take place when there is
sufficient oxygen available.

25. How can this system be improved?
Will increase stores of ATP and PC
Will increase the activity of the ATPase and
Creatine Kinase
Sprint interval training
Plyometrics
Weight Training (80-85% of 1RM)

26. In addition some athletes will take
creatine supplements to ensure
there is a readily available supply
of phosphocreatine in the muscle.

28. …
However
Abdominal cramps
Bloating
Dehydration
Have been reported as side
effects by athletes.

29. Do you allow players to use creatine?
We have banned it.
We don’t discuss our
training methods.
Some of our players
have used it.
It’s usage is laid
down by our medics.
No comment
It is not club policy
for players to use it.
No comment
Yes
We do not use any
nutritional supplements.
It could be used.

30. b) Muscle fibre contractions rely upon the
release of energy from the breaking down of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
(i) There is only sufficient ATP within a
muscle cell for 1 to 2 seconds of
maximal work. Briefly describe how it is
possible for a muscle to work
continuously for longer periods of time.
(2 marks)

31. THE EFFECTS OF RELIEF PERIODS FOLLOWING INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ON
THE LEVELS OF ATP-PC STORES IN MUSCLE.
ATP-PC
STORES
TIME
WORK RELIEF WORK RELIEF WORK
What conclusions may be drawn
about the levels of ATP-PC during
intermittent exercise?

32. i) ATP-PC stores are exhausted rapidly
in high intensity/short duration
activities. 8-9 secs in average
individual
ii) Possible to achieve regeneration by
up to 50% after 30 seconds rest
iii) Can regenerate in game by walking
or standing but supplies only go back
up to approx 90% then down then back
up to approx 80% then down etc.

33. If exercise continues
after the 8-10 second
threshold of the ATP-PC
system, the muscles must
rely on another source of
energy to resynthesise
ATP.

34. LACTIC
ANAEROBIC
PATHWAY.
Once the PC stores have been
depleted within the muscle, ATP
must be resynthesised using
another substance...
Glycogen

35. Carbohydrate is eaten, CHO is made up of starch
Starch is broken down into glucose in the
gut
Glucose is passed into the bloodstream and
goes to the liver and muscles, where it is
stored as…
Glycogen

36. Glycogen
Pyruvic Acid / Pyruvate
Phosphofructokinase
This break down of glycogen to release energy is
called glycolysis.
As it is performed in the absence of oxygen it is
called anaerobic glycolysis.
During this process of glycolysis, energy is
released to resynthesise ATP.
Enough energy is released to resysnthesise 2x ATP

37. As this process takes place without oxygen,
the pyruvic acid is converted into…
Lactate
(Lactic Acid)
…by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

38. Phospho-
fructokinase
(PFK)

LacticanaerobicsystemSummary
Glycogen
Pyruvate
(Pyruvic Acid)
Anaerobic
Glycolysis
ENE
RGY
Lactate
Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate
(Lactic Acid)
P
ADENOSINE P P
ADENOSINE P P
P

39. THIS SYSTEM IS USED FOR ENERGY
PRODUCTION IN HIGH INTENSITY EVENTS
LASTING BETWEEN 10 SECS AND UP TO 3
MINUTES

40. CONCENTRATION OF ATP
TIME
3 SECS 10 SECS 60 SECS 2 HRS
ATP STORE
ATP-PC
SYSTEM
LACTIC
ANAEROBIC
SYSTEM

RATEOFENERGY
PRODUCTION

41. Advantages of the Lactic
Anaerobic System
It is an anaerobic process, therefore it doesn’t have
to wait for sufficient oxygen to be present.
This system releases energy quickly, so can supply
ATP for high intensity short term exercise such as
400m runner and 100m swimmer.
It can be used for exercise between 10 seconds and 3
minutes, but peaks in events lasting approx 1 minute.
During aerobic activities such as 10,000 metres, this
system can be called upon to produce an extra burst
of energy during the race or at the end for a sprint
finish.

42. Disdvantages of the Lactic
Anaerobic System
This system builds up lactate (lactic acid), this can
cause the enzymes that operate during glycolysis ie
(PFK) to stop working properly, which inhibits energy
production.
The intensity of exercise must be reduced or even
stopped to allow the body to rid itself of lactate.
This system only releases approx 5% of the energy in
a glycogen molecule as it is without oxygen.
The remaining 95% of energy in a glycogen molecule
can only be released in the presence of oxygen …
…The Aerobic System

43. How can this system be improved?
Will increase stores of muscle glycogen
Will increase number of glycolytic enzymes (PFK)
Interval training
Fartlek training
Weight Training (65-85% of 1RM)

46. ATP-PC System.
Phosphocreatine is stored in the muscles.
PC is broken down by creatine kinase to produce
energy.
Energy is used to resynthesise ATP.
ATP can then be broken down into ADP and a free
phosphate to produce energy which can be used for
muscular contractions.
This is an anaerobic system, no oxygen is involved.