ATTITUDE FORMATION.pptx

powerpoint presentation for attitude formation, its causes and influences. in depth and organized information.
useful for students of clas11-12 and graduates of the BA stream. visually pleasing with good quality information.

1. ATTITUDE FORMATION CIA 3 PROJECT

2. In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event. Attitudes are often the result of experience or upbringing, and they can have a powerful influence over behavior. Attitudes refer to our overall evaluations of people, groups, and objects in our social world. INTRODUCTION

3. 3. Attitudes are often the result of experience or upbringing, and they can have a powerful influence over behavior. While attitudes are enduring, they can also change.

4. COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE Cognitive Component:  Your thoughts and beliefs about the subject Affective Component:  How the object, person, issue, or event makes you feel Behavioral Component:  How attitude influences your behavior

5. FACTORS AFFECTING ATTITUDE FORMATION Experience: Attitudes form directly as a result of experience. They may emerge due to direct personal experience, or they may result from observation. Research has shown that attitudes that are derived from direct experience are stronger, are held more confidently and are more resistant to change than are attitudes formed through indirect experience. Example: Someone who was harmed by an animal might form an attitude of fear towards that animal or animals in general.

6. 2. Need Satisfaction: we tend to develop favourable attitude toward things which help us satisfy our needs. As is well known, whenever something hinders our reaching a goal or stop us from doing something that we want to or frustrate our attempts to satisfy our goals and needs, we feel negatively for those things which stand in our way Example:- Positive attitude towards a leniant instructor and a negative attitude towards a strict instructor.

7. 3. Social learning: This is another factor that plays an important role in the development of attitude. Process of learning affects the development of attitude and the way an individual learns other forms of behaviour . Three processes of learning affect development of attitudes and these are: Classical conditioning Operant conditioning and Social learning

8. Classical Conditioning: Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously. When you learn through classical conditioning, an automatic conditioned response is paired with a specific stimulus. This creates an attitude Example:- Response of a group who where conditioned by mentioning Dutch followed by good adjectives and Sweden by negative.

9. Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between an attitude and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that attitude\ Example:- Following the attitudes of parents, because they are tend to be appraised  

10. Social learning theory: A number of behaviours are learned by watching the activities of others and the outcome of such activities. If an activity is followed by a punishment it is more likely to be avoided and an activity followed by a reward is most likely to be practiced. Example:- Being punished for dishonesty, or rewarded for politeness,

11. 4. Cultural Factors: Cultural factors also affect the development of attitudes. Every society has its culture and every culture has its traditions, norms, values, religion etc. Thus socialisation of every person is affected by the cultural factors of that society. Example:- Being aggressive is seen as a sign of bravery in some cultures and in others is seen to be a negative attitude or abnormal.

12. 5. Stereotypes: Every society is characterised with some stereotypes. Stereotypes are simple generalised expectations about people of other groups. Persons may be grouped based on  race ,  ethnicity ,  religion ,  sexual orientation , or any number of other categories. Example:- Men are stereotyped to be emotionless or unexpressive, while women are stereotypes to be over-expressive and emotional.

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