Ausadha sevana kala pdf.pptx Kayachikitsa

Aushadh sevana kala

1. Aushadh sevan kala DR.NIRALI H SOLANKI 2 nd YEAR PG SCHOLAR KAYACHIKITSA DEPARTMENT GJPIASR

2. kala: N iyat or nityaga (continuous) A niyat or awasthik kala. Aushadh Sevan Kala is the type of Avasthika Kala meant for the proper time of drug administration. 1

3. Kala for therapeutic management are considered as 1. Shad aveksha kala (six observatory aspects of time) 2. Bheshaj kala (time for medicine administration). Shad aveksha kala: 1) Dina (day) 2) Rogi (patient) 3) Aushadha (medicine) 4) Vyadhi (disease) 5) Jeerna Laxan 6) Ritu (seasons).

4. Bhaishajya kala Time of administration of medicine is known as bhaishajya kala. Synonyms of bhaishajya kala 1 Aushadha kala Aushadhavekshan kala Aushadha avcharan kala Agad kaala Bhaishajya kala Bhaishajya graham kala.

5. Number of Bhaishajya kala Sr.no Name of Acharya Enumeration 1 Charaka,Sushruta,AshtangHridaya 10 2 AshtangSangraha 11 3 Sharangadhara 5

6. Name of aushadh sevan kaala according to different acharya CharakaSushruta Ashtanghridayam Ashtangsangraha Abhakta Ananna Abhakta Pragbhakta Annadau Pragbhakta Adhobhakta Ante Adhobhakta Madhyebhakta Madhyanna Madhyabhakta Antarabhakta Saanna Antarabhakta Sabhakta Saamudga Samabhakta Samudga Muhurmuhu Saamudga Muhurmuhu Grase Muhurmuhu Grasabhakta Kawalantare Sagraasa Grasantarabhakta Nishi Grasantar Nishi

7. Sharangdhara samhita(5) Suryodaya kala Diwas bhojana Sayanbhojana Muhurmuhura Nishi

8. Acc. to charaka:(10) भैषज्यकालो भुक्तादौ मध्ये पश्चान्मुहुर्मुहुः| सामुद्गं भक्तसंयुक्तं ग्रासग्रासान्तरे दश||२९८|| आयुर्वेददीपिका व्याख्या (चक्रपाणिदत्त कृत) निरन्न इति औषधमुपयुज्यापि उपक्षणमभुञ्जानः| औषधावेक्षानगदकालानाह- भैषज्यकाला इत्यादि| अत्र भुक्तादावित्यनेन कालद्वयमुच्यते; यथा प्रातरेव निरन्नं, तथा प्राग्भोजनं च| तथा पश्चादित्यनेन च कालद्वयमेव प्रातर्भोजनोत्तरकालं, अपरं तु सायं भोजनोत्तरकालम् | मध्येभुक्तं तु यदर्धं भुक्त्वोपयुज्यते, पश्चात् पुनरर्धं भुज्यते|

9. मुहुर्मुहुर्भुक्तं नाम यद्भोजनसमये प्रतिक्षणं भुज्यते| सामुद्गं नाम यद्भक्तस्यादावन्ते च भुज्यते, तत्समुद्गवदाहारावरणात् ‘सामुद्गं’ इत्यभिधीयते| भुक्तमिति पदं भुक्तादावित्यादिभिः प्रत्येकं सम्बध्यते| अन्तराभक्तं नाम यदन्नेन संयोगात् संस्काराद्वा तद्विमिश्रितं भुज्यते| ग्रासग्रासान्तरं तु भुक्तं नाम यद् ग्रासानां मध्येषु भुज्यते| अन्ये तु ‘ग्रासग्रासान्तरे’ इति पठन्ति, एकं च भेषजकालं वदन्ति; भुक्तमितिपदेन च भेषजकालान्तरमभिधाय दशौषधकालपूरणं कुर्वन्ति|

10. Acc. to sushruta: (10) अत ऊर्ध्वं दशौषधकालान् वक्ष्यामः | तत्राभक्तं [१] प्राग्भक्तमधोभक्तं मध्येभक्तमन्तराभक्तं सभक्तं सामुद्गं मुहुर्मुहुर्ग्रासं ग्रासान्तरं चेति दशौषधकालाः ||६५|| निबन्धसङ्ग्रह व्याख्या (डल्हण कृत) अतो दशौषधकालान्निर्दिशन्नाह [२] - अत ऊर्ध्वमित्यादि| तेष्वौषधकालेष्वभक्तादिकं दशप्रकारमौषधं योज्यम्| औषधकालान् प्रत्येकं निर्दिशन्नाह- तत्रेत्यादि| ‘अभक्तम्’ इत्यस्य स्थाने ‘निर्भक्तम्’ इत्यन्ते पठन्ति||६५||

11. Acc. to Astang hridaya(10) युञ्ज्यादनन्नमन्नादौ मध्येऽन्ते कवलान्तरे| ग्रासे ग्रासे मुहुः सान्नं सामुद्गं निशिचौषधम्||३७|| सर्वाङ्गसुन्दरी व्याख्या ( कृत) स०-दशैते औषधस्य कालाः| अनन्नमौषधं तदुच्यते यदुपयुज्य परिणते तस्मिन् भुञ्जीत| अन्नादौ तदुच्यते यदुपयुज्य समनन्तरमाहारोपयोगो विधीयते| मध्य इति अन्नस्य-आहारस्य मध्ये यदौषधं भुज्यते| अन्ते-अवसाने| कवलान्तर इति कवलयोः-ग्रासयोः, अन्तरे-मध्ये, न तु ग्रासमिश्रितं कृत्वेत्यर्थः| ग्रासे ग्रास इति यद्ऽऽग्राससम्पृक्तं भुज्यते|

12. मुहुरिति पुनः पुनर्भुक्तेऽभुक्ते वा यदौषधं भुज्यते| सान्नमिति सहान्नेन-आहारेण यदौषधं भुज्यते| सामुद्गं तद्भण्यते यदाहारस्य प्राक् पश्चाच्च प्रयुज्यते, तेन हि समुद्गपुटयुगलसमेनौषधद्वयेनाहारो मध्यीक्रियते| समुद्गः-सम्पुटकः| निशि तदुच्यते यच्छयनवेलायां भुज्यते|

13. Indication of each Aushadha Sevan kaala 2 1. Niranna (Abhakta): (Sharangdhara:Suryodaya kala) तत्राभक्तं तु यत् केवलमेवौषधमुपयुज्यते ||६६|| वीर्याधिकं भवति भेषजमन्नहीनं हन्यात्तथाऽऽमयमसंशयमाशु [१] चैव | तद्बालवृद्धवनितामृदवस्तु [२] पीत्वा ग्लानिं परां समुपयान्ति बलक्षयं च ||६७|| ( su.u.64/66-67) Disease with good strength.(Contraindicated in bala ,vridhha,women to avoid glani andloss of strength) Ex: Pancha vidha kashaya kalpana (five basic formulations): they are heavy to digest and need strong agni to digest them. Lekhanartha (scrapping) Utklishta Kapha Pitta. for ex. Vamana dravya , Virechana dravya

14. Mode of action of Bhaishajya Due to the absence of food, Agni and Bhaishajya 's interaction is unfettered. Acharya Sushruta says medicine becomes very powerful in the absence of food and so cures diseases without any doubt. As in Abhakta Kaal stomach is devoid of Kapha thus the digestive fire digests the medicine completely and one gets the maximum benefits of the medicine.

15. 2. Pragbhakta(Before food) प्राग्भक्तं नाम यत् प्राग्भक्तस्योपयुज्यते ||६८|| शीघ्रं विपाकमुपयाति बलं न हिंस्यादन्नावृतं न च मुहुर्वदनान्निरेति | प्राग्भक्तसेवितमथौषधमेतदेव दद्याच्च वृद्धशिशुभीरुकृशाङ्गनाभ्यः ||६९|| (su.u.64/68-69) अपाने विगुणे पूर्वं|| (ch.chi.30/299) Vitiated apana vaayu gudagata vayu (situated in anus). Aged person ,Childrens,Bhiru (panic) Krishanga (emaciated)or weak Diseases of lower body Obesity.

16. Mode of action of Bhaishajya Medicine took in Pragbhakta Kala, will get digested without affecting the strength of a person. There is no Balakshaya, since the Bhaishajya is followed by food; therefore it becomes Agni's initial target, rather than the food. No regurgitation of Bhaishajya occurs as it is covered over with the meal. The Amashaya and the vitiated Doshas are directly affected by Bhaishajya.

17. 3.Madhyabhakta(In the middle of the meal along with food) मध्येभक्तं नाम- यन्मध्ये भक्तस्य पीयते ||७१|| (su.u.64/71) पीतं यदन्नमुपयुज्य तदूर्ध्वकाये हन्याद्गदान् बहुविधांश्च बलं ददाति | मध्ये तु पीतमपहन्त्यविसारिभावाद्ये मध्यदेहमभिभूय भवन्ति रोगाः ||७२|| (su.u.64/72) समाने मध्यभोजनम्| (ch.chi.30/299) Samana vaya vikruti Koshtagat Vyadhis Pittaja diseases Mandagni

18. Mode of action of Bhaishajya Food restricts the Urdhwagati and Adhahgati of Bhaishajya, forcing them to act locally, which aids in the treatment of Sthanik Doshas. Both Samana Vayu and Pachaka Pitta are located in the Koshtha.

19. 4.Adhobhakta(After food) अधोभक्तं नाम- यदधो [१] भक्तस्येति ||७०|| (su.u.64/70) व्याने तु प्रातरशितमुदाने भोजनोत्तरम्||२९९|| (ch.chi.30/299) In morning for Vyana vayu vitiation In evening for udana vayu vitiation Strengthening upper body parts Diseases of chest, throat and head Diseases of upper half of body

20. Mode of action of Bhaishajya Bhaishajya is advised to be administered in the Pratah Bhojana Kala because the site of Vyana Vayu is considered as Hridaya (heart). This Bhaishajya will reach Hridaya and will act properly on Vyana Vayu. T he activity of Vyana Vayu also hangs down in the night. The activities of Vyana are then occupied over by Udana Vayu . Therefore, the administration helps to cure the diseases related to Udana Vata.

21. 5.Antarabhakta(After digestion of morning food in afternoon) अन्तराभक्तं नाम - यदन्तरा पीयते पूर्वापरयोर्भक्तयोः ||७३|| (su.u.64/73) Hridya (beneficial for heart) Deepak (increasing digestive fire) Deeptagni purush suffering from vitiated vyana vayu Vitiated udana vayu It gives strength to the manas (mind).

22. Mode of action of Bhaishajya It demonstrates the Hridya, Pathya, Deepana, and Manobalakara effects. Agni is stimulated as a result of Madhyanha, i.e., Pittakaal . In this Kaal, Bhaishajya is properly metabolised .

23. 6.Sabhakta(Either processed in food/along with food) सभक्तं नाम [१] - यत् सह भक्तेन ||७४|| पथ्यं सभक्तमबलाबलयोर्हि नित्यं तद्द्वेषिणामपि तथा शिशुवृद्धयोश्च | हृद्यं मनोबलकरं त्वथ दीपनं च पथ्यं सदा भवति चान्तरभक्तकं यत् ||७५|| (su.u,64/74-75) Childrens , Weak , Stree Vridha Sukumara Ksheena One suffering with sarvangagata Vikaras Aruchi To protect bala

24. Mode of action of Bhaishajya Bhaishajya along with food and spreads Urdhva, Adhah, and Tiryak Gati circulate throughout the body, assisting in Sarvanga Samshrita Vyadhis . When food is processed with Aushadha; Teekshnata, strong odour, and the bad taste of Aushadha are reduced , it is used for administration in women, children, the elderly, people with low strength (Sukumara), and those who despise Aushadha. In Ksheena Purusha that Aushad Sevan Kala protects their Bala.

25. 7.Grasa (Along with food) ग्रासं तु- यत्पिण्डव्यामिश्रम् ||८०|| ग्रासेषु [१] चूर्णमबलाग्निषु दीपनीयं वाजीकराण्यपि तु योजयितुं यतेत | (su.u.64/80) सम्भोज्यं त्वौषधं भोज्यैर्विचित्रैररुचौ हितम्||३०१|| (ch.chi.30/301) vitiated Prana vayu dushti Vajeekarnarth (increasing vigor) Agni sandeepnartha. Grasa: Churna(powder), Vataka(tablet), Leha(linctus) are advised to administer in this kaala.

26. Mode of Action of Bhaishajya Sagrasa Bhaishajya supports the absorption of Bhaishajya from the buccal mucosa. Direct absorption from the buccal mucosa into the systemic circulation provides a quick onset of action .

27. 8.Grasantara: (In between two boluses) ग्रासान्तरं [१] तु यद्ग्रासान्तरेषु ||८१|| ग्रासान्तरेषु वितरेद्वमनीयधूमान् श्वासादिषु प्रथितदृष्टगुणांश्च लेहान् ||८२|| (su.u.64/81-82) वायौ प्राणे प्रदुष्टे तु ग्रासग्रासान्तरिष्यते| (ch.chi.30/300) Vamaniya dhumpana Avaleha used in swasa ,kasa, hridroga and vitiation of prana vayu.

28. Mode of action of Bhaishajya It advantages in the correction of the Gati (activity) Vikruti of Vata Dosha by promoting Anulomana of Vata Dosha. In this Kal Aushad is in the form of powders , which are to be given to persons of weak digestion to increase digestive power and which are aphrodisiac should be given mixed with each morsel.

29. 9.Samudga(Beggining and ending of meal) सामुद्गं नाम [१] - यद्भक्तस्यादावन्ते च पीयते ||७६|| दोषे द्विधा प्रविसृते तु समुद्गसञ्ज्ञमाद्यन्तयोर्यदशनस्य निषेव्यते तु ||७७|| (su.u.64/76-77) सामुद्गं हिक्किने देयं लघुनाऽन्नेन संयुतम्| (ch.chi 30/301) Hikka roga(hicupps) kampa(tremors) akshepa(convulsion) urdhva kayagata vikaras pravisruta(spreaded), urdhwa and adha visruta dosha

30. Mode of action of Bhaishajya This Kaal is best to mitigate the Doshas which have spread in both ways. It boosts the drug's Urdhva and Adhah Gati. It promotes Anulomana of Vata Dosha, which helps to correct the Gati (activity) Vikruti of Vata Dosha.

31. 10.Mahurmuhu(Repeated interval) मुहुर्मुहुर्नाम [१] - सभक्तमभक्तं वा यदौषधं मुहुर्मुहुरुपयुज्यते ||७८|| (su.u.64/78) श्वासे मुहुर्मुहुरतिप्रसृते च कासे हिक्कावमीषु स वदन्त्युपयोज्यमेतत् ||७९|| (su.u.64/79) श्वासकासपिपासासु त्ववचार्यं मुहुर्मुहुः||३००|| (ch.chi30/300) For ex: Swasa,kasa,hikka,chardi,trishna,visha roga

32. Mode of Action of Bhaishajya Treats the Doshas that has been vitiated in their Sanchaya and Vegavastha. This Kaal is indicated in Shwasa, Kasa, Trishna, Hikka, Chhardi and Visha where continuous Vegas are produced. Aushadha is given several times to ensure that it has a long-lasting impact. Faster alleviation comes from sublingual absorption.

33. 11.Nishi (Administration of drug at bed time) Urdhwajatrugat vikara, Mrudu virechana dravya. Mode of Action of Bhaishajya The Shamana Aushadhai achieves Chiraparinamana (long-lasting action) since no food is consumed till the next morning. Urdhwajatru (Murdha) is the place of Prana Vata. As a result, medicine given in this Kaal affects Prana Vata as well.

34. REFERENCES 1)Dr. Nistha Nema*1 and Dr. Praveen Kumar Mishra2,A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF AUSHADHA SEVANA KALA IN AYURVEDA SIDDHANTA,WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH,2018,4(6), 56-61. 2) Dr. Sonali Fulkar,WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,AUSHADHA SEVAN KAALA A REVIEW,Volume 6, Issue 10, 275-285 3) E-Charak samhita,chikitsa sthana Adhyaya 30,yonivyapat chikitsa,https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/ 4) E-Sushruta samhita,uttartantra,adhaya 64,swasthavrittaadhyaya, https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/ 5) E-Vagbhattaadhyaya 13,Doshopkramaniya adhyaya, https://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/ehrudayam/?mod=read 6) Sharangdhara samhita,pratham khanda ,adhyaya 2/2-3

35. Contemporary views The study of variable effects of drugs given at different times influenced by biological rhythms is called chrono-pharmacology . The drugs administered at different timings show different activity profiles. Their action, absorption, metabolism and excretion are influenced by the circadian rhythms and body states at different timings.

36. Drugs that are lipophilic (Ability to dissolve in lipid media) are found to have more rate of absorption in early morning hours rather than any hour of the day . Administration of ACEs inhibitors and antihistamines on an empty stomach increase their effectiveness through increased absorption . Absorption of thyroxine is reported to be more complete on empty stomach but can be variable and incomplete when taken with food

37. Nocturnal administration of H2 antagonists or morning administration of proton pump antagonist medications not only reduce acid secretion more effectively but also promote ulcer healing and reduce ulcer recurrence .

38. Allergic rhinitis: The symptoms are reported to be highest during the morning. Administration of long acting antihistamine at night provides better results in controlling this morning discomfort rather than taking the medication in the morning as is frequently recommended Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and limitation of airflow in the airways, and attacks begin with paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Statistically based on chrono - pharmacological studies it is observed that the development of asthma symptoms and many types of broncho-spastic attacks is more common from midnight to early morning from 2 A.M. and 6 A.M every day. example : A long acting theophylline taken once a day in the evening causes theophylline blood levels to reach their peak and improve lung function during the difficult early morning hours .

39. Arthritis: The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis worsen in the morning. Administration of long acting NSAIDs like flubirofen, ketoprofen and indomethacin at bedtime optimizes their therapeutic effect and reduces or averts their side effects .

40. Asthma • Acute attack of asthma Exacerbation more common during few hours prior to awakening Single daily dose of inhaled corticosteroid, administered at 5:30pm rather than 8am, was nearly as as four doses a day Oral Prednisolone is more eff effective ective when administered at 3pm rather than 8am Theophylline should be given at night to avoid toxic levels during the day

41. Gastrointestinal tract • Acid secretion peaks between 10 pm and 2 am. • Ulcer pain is worst at this time. • Ulcer healing is directly related to acid secretion inhibition at night. • Evening dosage of H2 receptor antagonists or PPI.

42. Musculoskeletal system Rheumatoid Arthritis • Symptoms more severe - 8am & 11am. • Long acting NSAIDS at bed time Osteoarthritis • Pain more intense between 2 pm and 8 pm. • Morning dose for afternoon worsening, evening dose for night time worsening

43. Reference: Kotawala Y. S. and Shukla D. V. ,AUSHADH SEVAN KAAL IN AYURVEDA AND MODERN SCIENCE,World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,Volume 6, Issue 11, 157-166. Vijayalakshmi KM, Ashalatha M. Chronotherapy, Formulation specific Bheshaja sevana kala – A bird’s view. J Ayu Herb Med 2018;4(2):86-93.