autism spectrum disorder, ASD, Asperger's syndrome

Autism spectrum disorder

1. Topic : Autism

2. Brief History of Autistic Disorder • “Early infantine autism” was described by Leo Kanner in 1943. • Even as early as 1867, the psychiatrist Henry Mauds ley had observed a group of very young children with severe mental disorders characterized by marked deviation, delay and distortion in development. • Kanner’s classic paper “Autistic Disturbance of Affective Contact” • Before 1980, children with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder were generally diagnosed with childhood schizophrenia.

3. • It is defined by the presence of abnormal and or impaired developmental that is manifest before the age og 3 years, characterized by abnormalities of social developmental, communication and a restriction of behavior and interest.

4. Epidemiology Prevalence: 8 cases per 10,000 children (008 percentage) and 1 percentage in USA Sex Distribution: Four times more often in boys than in girls

5. Causes • Bio-Psycho-Social

6. Diagnosis Criteria for ASD A. Persistent deficit in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history; ■ Deficit in social - emotional reciprocity ■ Deficit in non verbal communicative behaviour used for social interaction ■ Deficit in developing, maintain and understanding relationship

7. B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour , interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history; ■ Stereotypes or repetitive movements ■ Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or non verbal behaviour ■ Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus ■ Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

8. C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period D. Symptoms causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of current functioning E. These disturbance are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.

9. Types of Pervasive Developmental Disorder

10. Autistic Disorder • Impairment in social interaction, communication, and imaginative play. • Apparent before age 3. • Also includes stereotyped behaviours

11. Asperger's Disorder • Impairment in social interaction and presence of restricted interests and activities . • No clinically significant general delay in language • Average to above average intelligence

12. Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified • Often referred to as atypical autism • Used when a child does not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis, but there is severe and pervasive impairment in specified behviours

13. Rett's Disorder • Progressive disorder which, to date, has only occurred in girls • Period of normal developmental and then the loss of previously acquired skills • Also loss of purposeful use of hands, which is replaced by repetitive hand movements • Beginning at age of 1-4 years

14. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Normal developmental for at least the first 2 years • Then significant loss of previously acquired skills.

15. Assessment ■ The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) ■ Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA)

16. Intervention • Psycho education • Parenting Management Training • Behavioral Therapy .ABA Therapy • Speech Therapy • Oral Placement Therapy • Occupational Therapy • Sensory Integration • Vocational Therapy • Pharmacotherapy

17. Thank You...