Autism_Spectrum_Disorder_Nursing_Presentation.pptx

Autism Spectrum

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) A Comprehensive Overview for 3rd-Year Nursing Students

2. Definition ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges with social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors.

3. Epidemiology • Affects about 1 in 100 children globally • More common in boys than girls • Onset typically before age 3

4. Causes and Risk Factors • Genetic factors • Prenatal exposures (e.g., valproate, rubella) • Advanced parental age • Sibling with ASD

5. Signs and Symptoms (Social Communication) • Difficulty with eye contact • Limited use of gestures • Challenges in understanding emotions • Delayed speech development

6. Signs and Symptoms (Behavioral) • Repetitive movements (hand-flapping, rocking) • Insistence on sameness • Narrow, intense interests • Unusual responses to sensory input

7. Diagnostic Criteria • Based on DSM-5 • Symptoms must be present in early developmental period • Must cause clinically significant impairment

8. Screening and Assessment • M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) • ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) • Developmental surveillance

9. Clinical Example Case: A 4-year-old male shows delayed speech, avoids eye contact, and engages in repetitive spinning of toys. • Referred for developmental evaluation.

10. Nursing Interventions (Communication) • Use of visual aids and gestures • Speak in simple, clear sentences • Use of augmentative communication tools (e.g., PECS)

11. Nursing Interventions (Behavior Management) • Establish routines • Provide positive reinforcement • Collaborate with behavioral therapists

12. Nursing Role in Care • Early identification and referral • Support during hospitalization • Educate and counsel families • Coordinate with SPED and therapy teams

13. Medical Management • No cure; management is supportive • Medications for associated symptoms: - Antipsychotics (e.g., Risperidone for irritability) - SSRIs for anxiety - Melatonin for sleep issues

14. Family and Social Support • Connect families with support groups • Educate caregivers on behavior strategies • Encourage inclusive practices in school and community

15. Summary • ASD is a lifelong condition with early onset • Nursing care should be patient-centered, structured, and collaborative • Early intervention improves outcomes