Autoimmunity its Mechanism and Mechanism with suitable examples .pptx

This presentation deals with Autoimmunity its Mechanism and classification

1. AUTOIMMUNITY ITS MECHANISM AND CLASSIFICATION WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES Dr Akshay Shetty Associate Professor SSRAMCH Inchal

2. Contents 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 2

3. Objectives By the end of the presentation the students must be able to --- Define Autoimmunity Describe mechanism of Autoimmunity Classify Autoimmunity with suitable examples 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 3

4. Autoimmunity refers to an aberration in the body's normal development such that the immune system mounts an attack against its own cells. The aetiology behind autoimmune diseases is multifactorial, with Genetic Hormonal , Environmental factors 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 4

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8. Central Tolerance The central regions of maturation for T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively. Therefore, mechanisms of tolerance present in these locations are referred to as central tolerance 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 8

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10. Other subtypes, namely HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR, belong to MHC Class II. MHC II molecules are found less ubiquitously, namely in cells of the reticuloendothelial system such as macrophages and B-lymphocytes. 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 10

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13. B-cell Central Tolerance 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 13

14. Which play various roles in protecting the body against acute and chronic infections and from pathogens of various types, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. In cases where individuals cannot produce certain or all antibodies, recurrent infections are likely to occur 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 14

15. Peripheral Tolerance After T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes leave the thymus and bone marrow, they enter peripheral immune organs and tissues such as the spleen and lymph nodes. In these regions, peripheral tolerance mechanisms prevent autoimmunity from arising in the case that autoreactive lymphocytes made it through all central tolerance processes. 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 15

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17. Systemic Autoimmune Diseases 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 17

18. Sjogren Syndrome: xerophthalmia and xerostomia with various renal, pulmonary, dermatologic, and nervous system manifestations possible 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 18

19. Scleroderma: excessive deposition of collagen in the skin and internal organs; can present in both local and systemic forms (limited cutaneous systemic and diffuse cutaneous systemic); limited cutaneous systemic form is associated with CREST syndrome of calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal involvement, scleroderma, and telangiectasia  12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 19

20. Sarcoidosis: noncaseating granulomas in organs throughout the body, most commonly manifesting in the lungs as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy but can also have ocular, dermatologic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and endocrine manifestations Rheumatoid Arthritis: symmetric synovial inflammation and morning stiffness > 30 minutes, and various extra-articular manifestations including rheumatoid nodules, amyloidosis, and systemic vasculitis  Celiac Disease: duodenal villous atrophy and associated foul-smelling diarrhea and malabsorption upon consumption of gluten-containing foods 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 20

21. Organ-Based Autoimmune Diseases 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 21

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23. Summary 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 23

24. References https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576418/#:~:text=Autoimmunity%20refers%20to%20an%20aberration,factors%20all%20playing%20a%20role . 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 24

25. Thank you 12/04/2024 AUTOIMMUNITY (Dr Akshay Shetty) 25