B2 U1L2 Expressing obligation, advice, and suggestions .pptx

Quick presentation reviewing modal verbs and past modal verbs

1. Expressing obligation, advice, and suggestions Unit 1: Lesson 2 Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions related to technology Grammar: Modal verbs

2. Modal verbs to express ability and possibility

3. 4A can , could , be able to (ability and possibility) can / could I can speak three languages fluently. Jenny can’t come tonight. She’s sick. My cousin could play the violin when she was three. They couldn’t wait because they were in a hurry. Could you open the door for me, please? • can is a modal verb. It only has a present form (which can be used with future meaning) and a past or conditional form ( could ). • For all other tenses and forms, we use be able to + base form.

4. 4A can , could , be able to (ability and possibility) be able to + base form Luke has been able to swim since he was three. I’d like to be able to ski. I love being able to stay in bed late on Sunday morning. You ’ll be able to practice your English in the US. 1 We use be able to + base form for ability and possibility, especially where there is no form of can , e.g., future, present perfect, infinitive and gerund, etc. 2 We sometimes use be able to in the present and past (instead of can / could ), usually if we want to be more formal. 2 Fortunately, I am able to accept your invitation. My colleagues weren’t able to come to yesterday’s meeting.

5. READING

6. Modal verbs of obligation

7. 4B have to , must , should don’t have to You don’t have to pay – this museum is free. You don’t have to go to the party if you don’t want to. must not You must not park here. • don’t have to and must not are completely different. Compare: You don’t have to drive – we can take a train . (= You can drive if you want to, but it’s not necessary / obligatory.) You must not drive along this street . (= It’s prohibited, against the law. NOT You don’t have to drive along this street .) • You can often use can’t or not allowed to instead of must not . You must not / can’t / ’re not allowed to park here.

8. 4B have to , must , should have to / must (+ base form) 1 You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. Do you have to work on Saturdays? I had to wear a uniform at my elementary school. I ’ll have to get up early tomorrow. My interview is at 9:00. • have to and must are usually used to talk about obligation or something that it is necessary to do. 3 I love the Louvre! You have to go when you’re in Paris. You must see this movie – it’s amazing! 2 You must be on time tomorrow because there’s a test. You must remember to call Emily – it’s her birthday.

9. 4B have to , must , should have to / must (+ base form) 1 You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. Do you have to work on Saturdays? I had to wear a uniform at my elementary school. I ’ll have to get up early tomorrow. My interview is at 9:00. • have to and must are usually used to talk about obligation or something that it is necessary to do. 1 have to is a normal verb and it exists in all tenses and forms, e.g., also as a gerund or infinitive. 2 You must be on time tomorrow because there’s a test. You must remember to call Emily – it’s her birthday. 2 must is a modal verb. It only exists in the present, but it can be used with a future meaning.

10. 4B have to , must , should have to / must (+ base form) 3 I love the Louvre! You have to go when you’re in Paris. You must see this film – it’s amazing! 3 You can also use have to or must for strong recommendations.

11. 4B have to , must , should have to / must (+ base form) have to or must ? Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you can usually use either form . Have to is more common for general, external obligations, for example rules and laws. Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion) or personal obligations. Compare: I have to wear a shirt and tie at work . (= It’s the rule in this company.) I must buy a new shirt – this one is too old now . (= It’s my own decision.) have got to Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It’s very late .

12. 4B have to , must , should don’t have to You don’t have to pay – this museum is free. You don’t have to go to the party if you don’t want to. must not You must not park here. • We use don’t have to when there is no obligation to do something, and must not when something is prohibited.

13. 4B have to , must , should should / shouldn’t (+ base form) You should take warm clothes with you to Quito. It might be cold at night. You shouldn’t drink so much coffee. It isn’t good for you. I think the government should do something about unemployment. • should is not as strong as must / have to . We use it to give advice or an opinion – to say if we think something is the right or wrong thing to do. • should is a modal verb. The only forms are should / shouldn’t .

14. Speaking

15. Yesterday I went to the store and I bought…

16. Phrasal verbs

17. Idiomatic expressions

18. Expression and meaning TO PULL THE PLUG 1 2 Meaning: to stop something in its tracks, to stop it immediately EXAMPLES: The business was not doing very well in the last 3 months, and the owners decided to pull the plug. If the viewing figures drop much more, the TV network will probably pull the plug on the whole series.

19. Expression and meaning TO BLOW A FUSE 1 2 Meaning: when somebody blows a fuse, they get angry or agitated very quickly, and they really explode EXAMPLES: The customer is going to blow a fuse if we don’t deliver it on time. I’m sorry, Dad, I had a slight accident with the car, but please don’t blow a fuse.

20. Expression and meaning TO GET YOUR WIRES CROSSED 1 2 Meaning: to misunderstand somebody; to become confused EXAMPLES: Somehow we got our wires crossed because I'd written the 23rd in my diary and Jen had the 16th. We got our wires crossed; I thought you were picking Jack up.

21. Expression and meaning THE NUTS AND BOLTS (Of Something) 1 2 Meaning: The finest practical details of something rather than theories or ideas about it EXAMPLES: Adam has worked in this business for 20 years; he knows the nuts and bolts. When it came to the nuts and bolts of running a business , he was clearly unable to cope .

22. Expression and meaning To Be On The Same Wavelength 1 2 Meaning: to have the same thoughts, the same intentions; to understand exactly the same thing, to be in agreement with somebody EXAMPLES: After the first few brief conversations, we already knew that we were on the same wavelength.

23. Expression and meaning Wheels Within Wheels 1 2 Meaning: hidden or unknown reasons that make a particular situation very complicated, difficult and slow EXAMPLES: Wheels within wheels. You’ve got to fill in this form, you’ve got to fill in that form, you’ve got to talk to this person. It takes forever to get something done.

24. Expression and meaning 1 2 Meaning: to be exactly right EXAMPLES: He confirmed her suspicions; he was right on the button. To Be Right On The Button

25. Expression and meaning 1 2 Meaning: to be right there in the lead, at the front EXAMPLES: Apple is always at the cutting edge of technology. The company has become a leader in the industry. To Be At The Cutting Edge

26. Expression and meaning 1 2 Meaning: to get something or someone going; to get someone interested; to get something moving along EXAMPLES: We need to introduce new people to the company that will help to make the business tick. Make Someone Or Something Tick

27. Video https://eslvideo.com/quiz.php?id=21901

28. Worksheet

29. Roleplay B2 Book Page #11

30. Homework Ss, in groups of 3, prepare a powerpoint presentation where the will elaborate in one of the following topics: Artificial intelligence Side effects of technology Does technology make people lazy? Augmented reality Will AI replace human jobs? Should social media platforms censor content? Technology has led to limited personal privacy.

31. Homework

32. Summary B2 Book Page #13