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1. DEVELOPING BIO PLASTIC PLYWOOD

2. GROUP MEMEBERS REG.NO NAME OF THE STUDENT 1) 620816114150 - M.RAJA 2) 620816114151 - S.RAJESH 3) 620816114154 - N.RAJ KUMAR 4) 620816114171 - R.SANTHOSH KUMAR GUIDE Prof : Sachin S Raj

3. Abstract Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) was reinforced with acacia fiber to fabricate a Bio Plastic Plywood(BPP) which was experimented with, in this research. PLA and acacia fiber were processed by stir casting method with a maximum of 200oC, to obtain 3 samples of varying fiber to matrix proportion by weight fraction. The four samples were considered in the following ratio of PLA/AWP, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 wt% respectively. The analyzed properties were compared with a conventionally used plywood. The sample containing 10% of fiber loading had very low machinability and the highest hardness.The composite material with 20 wt% fiber loading had better machinability and lower hardness when compared with 10 wt% composite. The 30 wt% reinforced BPP proved to have the best machinability and optimum hardness value.

4. Keywords Poly Lactic Acid Acacia fiber Stir Casting Bio Plastic Plywood Machinability

5. Introduction Poly Lactic Acid is a biopolymer thermoplastic derived from the starch of vegetables hence being biodegradable in nature. The most simple and cost effective method for fabricating PLA based natural fiber composites with improved mechanical properties is melt casting technique. The thermal degradation of PLA is 340oC and the commonly used processing temperature is between 170 – 200oC. Acacia wood powder(AP) which is obtained from its dried bark of the Acacia tree is an economically available cheap source of natural wood fiber which is considered as a waste and used only as fire wood in countries like India and africa . Experimentation of Acacia wood properties have been done in the past providing information about its properties of higher lignin content and lower density when compared to other natural fiber reinforcements like coir, jute, kenaf etc,.

6. EXPERIMENTATION Materials : PLA (Poly Lactic Acid ) Poly Lactic Acid was obtained from Nature Tech, Chennai in the form of granules. The PLA was graded 3052D, which is an injection moulding grade PLA suitable for melt casting processing. It had a density of 1.24 g/cm and a melting point of 170oC.

7. Acacia Fiber Acacia wood was obtained free of cost from the waste yard of Murugavilas agro farms from Namakkal district, Tamilnadu . The wood had already been sundried for three months approximately.

8. Melt Casting technique Processing was done using melt casting which was firstly carried out in a melt furnace at 200oC for 5 mins inorder that the PLA has completely melted. The molten PLA was then poured into a die suitable for ASTM standard testing to obtain testing specimens. For the reinforcement of the AP, similar temperature and time parameters were set and during the molten stage of PLA the measured quantity of AP was added to the matrix and continuous manual attiring was performed to ensure even distribution of the fiber into the matrix.

9. EXTRUTION MACHINE

10. Mixture of weight fraction Sample Name of PLA/AP composite PLA in wt% AP in wt% 1 APC1 90 10 2 APC2 80 20 3 APC3 70 30

11. Mechanical Testing Hardness test Brinell hardness test was carried out on a testing machine at Nandha College of Technology, Erode, Tamilnadu. The loading capacity was set at 100 kg f. The specimens were tested with a ball head load of ¼ mm dia as constant. The hardness was measured using the formula BHN = 2P/πD x (D- squrt (D2-d2))

12. Brinell hardness test machine

13. Cutting force measurement test The cutting force measurement was carried out on a vertical milling machine attached with a cutting force measurement dynamometer and end mill cutter tool. The testing machine at Gnanamani College of Technology was utilized for the procedure at three different depth of cuts and cutting axes. Three depth of cuts along the y axis was considered at 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm respectively for which subsequent x and z axis cutting forces were estimated using a. force measurement dynamometer .

14. Milling machine

15. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Hardness test Brinell hardness test was carried out on the specimens with the ball head pressure of 20 k N as constant for all the specimens. The ball impression was impregnated and its depth was analyzed and the hardness of the composite was calculated using the diameter of the ball heads depth. The composite with 30 wt% AP loading content showed highest hardness. This shows that increase in AP content increased the hardness of the polymer material. The softness and the weight of the composite also decreases with increasing AP content and thus proves that hardness reduces at higher fiber content.

16. Cutting force measurement test The sample with 20 wt% AP content had the highest cutting force required for machining. Higher fiber content led to the fiber dominating PLA therefore turning the composite to a soft material. Lower fiber content made PLA content higher and making the composite very brittle[15], therefore melting occurred while machining process and the force measurement could not be carried out successfully. The plywood underwent catastrophic failure during machining at higher forces.

17. CONCLUSION Addition of AP in the PLA polymer matrix showed improvement in the mechanical properties compared with plain PLA. The composite with fiber loading of 30 wt% resulted in the lowest hardness. Increase in fiber loading decreased the hardness of the composite material.This phenomenon is justified by the lower density acquired by the composite material with fiber content increase. Cutting force of the composite at weight loading of 20% showed extreme cutting force requirement and proved to be the better of lower and higher fiber loaded composite materials. AP was also found to have good adhesion with the PLA matrix hence increasing the mechanical performance of the composite when compared to plain PLA. PLA also in vice versa has good bonding capability to all kinds of fibers.

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