BACK OF THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA.pptx

BACK OF THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA

1. BACK OF THE THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA MBBS 1 st year 15/02/2023 Dr. SK SAH ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPT. OF ANATOMY NOBEL MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. BACK OF THE THIGH The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are called the hamstrings. To be called a hamstring, the muscle must arise from the ischial tuberosity . The hamstrings are: Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Hamstring part of the adductor magnus . These muscles extend the thigh at the hip and flex the leg at the knee.

3. The hamstrings are a group of muscles and their tendons at the rear of the upper leg. They include the biceps femoris , semitendinosus , and semimembranosus . The hamstrings flex the knee joint and extend the thigh to the backside of the body. They are used in walking, running, and many other physical activities.

4. The common criteria of any hamstring muscles are: Muscles should originate from  ischial tuberosity . Muscles should be inserted over the knee joint, in the tibia or in the fibula. Muscles will be innervated by the  tibial branch of the sciatic nerve. Muscle will participate in flexion of the knee joint and extension of the hip joint. Those muscles which fulfill all of the four criteria are called true hamstrings.

5. BICEPS FEMORIS ORIGIN: the long head originates with the semitendinosus muscle from the inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity ; the short head arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera on the shaft of the femur . Insertion: The main part of the tendon inserts into the lateral surface of the head of the fibula .

6. SEMITENDINOSUS It originates with the long head of the biceps femoris muscle from the inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity . The spindle-shaped muscle belly ends in the lower half of the thigh and forms a long cord-like tendon, which lies on the semimembranosus muscle and descends to the knee. The tendon curves around the medial condyle of the tibia and inserts into the medial surface of the tibia just posterior to the tendons of the gracilis and sartorius muscles.

7. SEMIMEMBRANOSUS It is attached above to the superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity . and below mainly to the groove and adjacent bone on the medial and posterior surfaces of the medial tibial condyle . Expansions from the tendon also insert into and contribute to the formation of ligaments and fascia around the knee joint.

8. Arteries of Posterior Thigh The arteries of the posterior compartment of the thigh arise from two major arteries: inferior gluteal artery . perforating branches of the profunda femoris .

9. Nerves of Posterior Thigh The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial (medial) part of the SCIATIC NERVE.

10. POPLITEAL FOSSA Diamond shaped dipression behind the knee joint. Homologous with the cubital fossa of upper limb. BOUNDARIES: Superolaterally – Biceps femoris Superomedially – semitendinosus and semimembranosus . Inferolaterally – lateral head of gastrocnemius supplimented by plantaris . Inferomedially – medial head of gatrocnemius .

11. Roof: is formed by deep fascia or popliteal fascia. Floor : is formed from above downward by ; -- popliteal surface of the femur. -- capsule of the knee joint. -- the strong popliteal fascia covering the popliteus muscle.

12. CONTENTS OF POPLITEAL FOSSA The Popliteal artery and its branches. The Popliteal vein and its tributaries. The Tibial nerve and its branches. The Common peroneal nerve and its branches. The fossa also contains; Posterior cut. N of thigh Genicular branch of obturator N. The popliteal lymph node. Fat.

13. POPLITEAL FOSSA

14. Relations of contents

15. APPLIED ANATOMY Blood pressure in the lower limb is recorded from the popliteal artery. When the popliteal artery is affected by atherosclerosis, the lower part of the artery usually remains patent where grafts can be tried. The popliteal artery is more prone to aneurysm than many other arteries of the body.

16. Pulsations of the femoral artery can be felt at the midingunal point. The femoral vein is most commonly used for the intravenous infusions in infants and in patients with peripheral circulatory failure. Femoral artery is used for embalming procedure. The femoral and obturator nerve which supply the hip joint, also supply the knee joint. Therefore, diseases of the hip may produce reffered pain in the knee and also in the cutaneous area innervated by these nerves.

17. Wrist drop– paralysis of Radial Nerve Foot drop– paralysis of Common peroneal nerve Sleeping foot– compression of Sciatic nerve

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