Backyard & semi intensive rearing of Poultry.pptx

FREE RANGE / EXTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Availability of land – adequate.
• Stocking density – 250 birds/ hectare.
• Range of fields provides greens, feed and water.
• Major source of feeding – foraging.
• Provision of shelter by temporary roofing supported by poles to provide night shelter and also to protect the birds from inclement weather.
• Fields for foraging are used on rotational basis.
 This system of rearing is most suitable for Organic Farming.
ADVANTAGES
Less capital investment, Housing can be provided with locally available materials
Cost of feeding is less, as the birds are let loose for foraging in the fields
Cost of production is less.
Fertility of soil can be maintained.
Expression of natural behaviour patterns such as nesting, perching, dust bathing and scratching.
LIMITATIONS
Requires larger area of land and stocking density is less.
Scientific managemental practices cannot be adopted.
Suitable for only slow growing birds.
Biosecurity cannot be maintained.
Eggs can be lost in the fields.
Risk of infections from wild birds or other living organisms. Problem of predators
SEMI INTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Birds reared on solid floored houses in night time and given access to range in the day time.
• Stocking density is 750 birds/ hectare.
• Houses are provided with solid floors, while the runs are fields only.
• Birds can scavenge in the runs.
• There is provision of water and feed (50% of the requirement) inside the pens.
• Generally, this system od rearing is adopted for rearing of ducks and laying hens.
Feed resources available through scavenging / foraging
Household wastes
Natu­rally occurring organic material like worms, in­sects, maggots termites etc, 
Crop surpluses and their by products
Fodder material and
Non commercial feed like grasses, herbs, algae etc.
Birds under scavenging conditions pick­up farm produced grain like maize, jowar and millets to meet their daily requirement of energy or carbohydrates.
In addition birds can scavenge to prey on insects, worms, larvae, snails, termites, maggots, marine wastes etc. to satisfy the protein, mineral and vitamin needs.
sustainability of backyard poultry depends upon the interplay between environment, local resources, agricultural practices of that area.
ADVANTAGES
More economical use of land compared to extensive system.
Protection of birds from extreme climatic conditions.
Control over scientific operation to some extent is possible
LIMITATIONS
Cost of fencing and housing
Need for routine cleaning
Requirement of labour

SCAVENGING FEED RESOURCE BASE (SFRB)
Monitoring the quantity of scavengeable feed available season-wise in a village to assess the gap between re­sources accessible to the birds and their actual requirement to provide feed through supple­mentation
SFRB is defined as the total amount of food items available to all scavenging birds in a given area.
The SFRB includes termites, snails, worms, insects, grain from sowing, harvesting by-products, seeds, grass, fodder tree leaves,

1. BACKYARD & SEMI-INTENSIVE REARING OF POULTRY Prepared by Dr. Harshini Alapati (M.V.Sc Poultry science) Contractual Teaching Faculty Dept of LFC Veterinary College, Hassan KVAFSU, Karnataka

2. Availability of land Cost of land Type of farming activity Species and breed Purpose of production Climatic condition Availability of labour FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE SELECTION OF REARING SYSTEM

3. Classification of Rearing systems

4. Extensive rearing of poultry is also called as BACKYARD POULTRY FARMING Desi birds in villages constitute as source of ready money and so called “ Walking Banks” . Backyard poultry farming will generate petty cash for house hold requirement in addition to providing a balanced food with minimum inputs available in the rural areas M ore beneficial to small, marginal farmers, land less labourers , tribal and backward class people It is helpful in alleviating the protein hunger in rural sections of our country. It is a land saving, with low financial investment and minimum management requirements but can bring about a sizable income to the rural families Feeding of backyard poultry is made easy by using household wastes, farm products and green vegetation, besides free scavenging for waste grains and insects I. FREE RANGE / EXTENSIVE SYSTEM OF REARING

5. Rearing of poultry by letting them loose on ground (field) is known as “Free-range system" Can be followed if there is adequate a vailability of land –. Provision of shelter by temporary roofing supported by poles to provide night shelter and also to protect the birds from inclement weather. The flock contains birds of different species and varying ages Poultry are housed at night under backyard systems but allowed free-range during the day. Stocking density – 250 birds/ hectare or 100 birds per acre. Major source of feeding – foraging. This system of rearing is most suitable for Organic Farming. I. FREE RANGE / EXTENSIVE SYSTEM

6. Birds under scavenging conditions pick­up farm produced grain like maize, jowar and millets to meet their daily requirement of energy or carbohydrates. In addition birds can scavenge to prey on insects, worms, larvae, snails, termites, maggots, marine wastes etc. to satisfy the protein, mineral and vitamin needs. sustainability of backyard poultry depends upon the interplay between environment, local resources, agricultural practices of that area. F eed resources available through scavenging / foraging H ousehold wastes N atu­rally occurring organic material like worms, in­sects, maggots termites etc,  C rop surpluses and their by products F odder material and N on commercial feed like grasses, herbs, algae etc.

7. FREE RANGE / EXTENSIVE / BACKYARD POULTRY FARMING

8. II. SEMI INTENSIVE SYSTEM These are a combination of extensive and intensive systems where birds are confined to a certain area with access to shelter. Birds are half-way reared in houses and half-way on ground or range. This system of rearing is also called as Pen and Run system. Pens are h ouses provided with solid floors, while the runs are fields. In the “run”   system, the birds are confined in an enclosed area around the house during the day and housed at night. The success of rearing depends on maintenance of condition of runs to reduce the contamination. Feed and water are available in the house to avoid wastage by rain, wind and predators

9. II. SEMI INTENSIVE SYSTEM

10. Stocking density is 750 birds/ hectare. ( Floor space of 1sqft per bird inside the pens & outside run area of 16-24 sq.m per hen) There is provision of water and feed (50% of the requirement) inside the pens. Generally, this system of rearing is adopted for rearing of ducks and laying hens. II. SEMI INTENSIVE SYSTEM

11. ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS Less capital investment, Housing can be provided with locally available materials Requires larger area of land and stocking density is less. Cost of feeding is less, as the birds are let loose for foraging in the fields Scientific managemental practices cannot be adopted. Cost of production is less. Suitable for only slow growing birds. Fertility of soil can be maintained. Biosecurity cannot be maintained. Expression of natural behaviour patterns such as nesting, perching, dust bathing and scratching. Eggs can be lost in the fields. Risk of infections from wild birds or other living organisms. Problem of predators. Backyard or extensive rearing

12. PERCHING BEHAVIOUR FORAGING BEHAVIOUR

13. DUST BATHING BEHAVIOUR SCRATCHING BEHAVIOUR

14. NESTING BEHAVIOUR BROODING BEHAVIOUR

15. PECK ORDER OR ORDER OF SOCIAL DOMINANCE

16. ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS More economical use of land compared to extensive system. Cost of fencing and housing Protection of birds from extreme climatic conditions. Need for routine cleaning Control over scientific operation to some extent is possible Requirement of labour SEMI INTENSIVE REARING

17. SCAVENGING FEED RESOURCE BASE (SFRB) M onitoring the quantity of scavengeable feed available season-wise in a village to assess the gap between re­sources accessible to the birds and their actual requirement to provide feed through supple­mentation SFRB is defined as the total amount of food items available to all scavenging birds in a given area. The SFRB includes termites, snails, worms, insects, grain from sowing, harvesting by-products, seeds, grass, fodder tree leaves, water-plants and unconventional feed materials. If the no of birds in the flock exceeds carrying capacity of SFRB, some birds in the population, particularly the weaker ones will die. The land area available for scavenging and the distance a flock can travel to scavenge will depend on flock size, feed availability, population density, agricultural activities, predators etc. If the capacity of SFRB and seasonal variations are known, efficient strategies for better scavenging, feed resource availability can be evolved The crop contents can be utilized to de­termine the metabolizable energy and protein components of scavenging feed resources. The anticipated reduction in SFRB can be determined and accordingly appropriate  nutrients  can be supplemented It depends on the 1.number of households, 2.the type of food crops grown, and 3.their crop cultivating and 4.c rop processing methods 5. climatic conditions