Bacteria+ virus ICON.pptx micro biology lecture

students are able to know bactria growth

1. BACTERIA Prepared by: Madam Mehak

2. BACTERIA 1 . Mi cr oscopic unicellular living organism. II. colourless and prokaryotic type of cell. III. Some of them are Aerobes & some are An Aerobes . IV. Bacteria consist of cell wall, cytoplasm membrane and nucleoplasm V. Bacteria has no mitochondria no golgibody, no reticulum, no chromosomes and no nucleoli VI. Cell wall of bacteria is covered by thick and rigid material called Capsule, so wall of bacteria is different than cell of ordinary plants. VII. Bacteria contain both DNA & RNA. VIII. Some of them are beneficial and some are harmfull. IX. "Antonious Van leeu wen Hock" was the first founder of bacteriology because he first saw the bacteria in 1676. X. Bacterias live in colonies (Together). XI. Bacteria can be destroyed by antibiotic drugs. XII. Bacteria are pioneer of cellular and unicellular organisms. XIII. Reproduction of bacteria takes place by sexual and asexual methods .

3. CONCERNED TERMS 1. Pathogenic Bacteria: Which produces the disease. 2. Non-Pathogenic Bacteria: Which can not produce the disease. 3. Bactericide: Are substances which are used to kill the bacteria e.g Antibiotics. 4. Bacterimia: Means presence of bacteria in the blood wif multiplication. 5. Bacterio/Bacterial: Referring to the bacteria. 6. Bacteriologist: Is the person who is expert in the field of Bacteriology. 7. Bacteriology: Means study of bacteria. 8. Bacteri uria: Means presence of bacteria in the urine. 9. Bacterio Lysin: Is the specific antibody developed in the blood to destroy the bacteria. 10. Slow Pasteurization: Is the process of destroying the micro-organism of milk or fluid by heating at 62 C for 30 minutes and them rapidly cooling to below 10 C.

4. 11.Quick Pasteurization: Is the process of destroying the micro-organisms of milk or fluid by heating at 72 C for 15 seconds and them rapidly cooling to below 10 C. 12. Pus: A thick, yellow semi liquid substance Pus is consisting of dead WBC and bacteria cell and tissue fluid. 13. Septicaemia: Means presence of large number of bacteria and their toxins in the blood. 14. Toxin:Any poisonous compound produced by bacteria, 15. Toxaemia: The presence of toxin or poison by the absorption of bacteria in the blood.

5. CLASSIFICATION/Morphology/Types OF BACTERIA: These are found in different shapes / types but commonly seen in Cocci and Baccilli and some others are as under: 1. Diplo Cocci:They are arranged in pair with round shape. 2. Strepto Cocci: They are arranged in chain with round shape. 3. Tetard Cocci:They are arranged in group of four members with round shape. 4. Staphyllo Cocci: They are arranged in clusters / bunches / clumps like grapes. 5. Sarcina Cocci: They are arranged in groups of eight with round shape. 6. Vibro Baccilli: They are curved in (C) Comma shape as Vibro Comma (Cholera). 7. Spirilla Baccilli: (Spira - Coil & Chaetes Hair like) they are large, rigid with curved as hook and spring shape. 8. Spirilla Chaets Baccilli: They are larger but flexible than spirilla.

6. 09 Gram Positive Bacteria: i. They contain blue colour in gram staining method. ii. They are found in round and rod shapes. iii. They are always present in the mouth. iv. Some examples are Strepto Cocci, Staphylococc Tubercle Bacilli, Clostridrium Telani Bacilli v. Antibiotics against gram positive bacteria a Pencilling vi. Antibiotics against both Gram positive and negative bacteria as Septram, Virbo mycin Ampicilline, Lincocin etc. 10. Gram Negative Bacteria: i. They contain red colour in gram staining method. ii. They are found in round and rod shape. iii. They are always present in mouth. iv. Some examples are Vibro Cholera, Pordetella, pertusis bacillus, Meningo coccus. v. Antibiotics against gram negative bacteria as Streptomycin vi. Antibiotics against both Gram positive and negative bacteria as Septran, Virbomycin, Ampicilline, Lincocin etc.

7. SIZE OF BACTERIA The size of bacteria in length is about 02 to 20 micron and upto 0.3 to 14.0 in micro-meters. They can not be seen with naked eye but can be seen by Simple, Compound and Electron Microscope.

8. Structure of Bacteria

9. PARTS OF BACTERIA 1. Flagella: Are hairs like processes that help in lashing movement. 2. Capsule: Is protective gelatinous layer. 3. Fimbriace: Are short, stout, hair like processes which help in defense. 4. Basal Body:Basal body is the route of flagella. 5. Cell Wall: Is the outer layer of the cell. 6. Cytoplasmic Membranes: Is the outer layer of the cytoplasm. 7. Meso some:Are granules which sometimes may be formed by invagenation of the cytoplasm membrane. 8. Nucleo plasm: Is nuclear material which is made of DNA (De Oxi Ribo Nuclic Acid. 9.Division Points: Are partial septa which consisting completely across the cell at the time of cell division so the cell divided into two new cells.

10. 10. Fat Globules: They are present beside the nucleoplasm. 11. Ribosomes: Are very numerous tiny granules which are made up of RNA (Ribo Nuclic Acid) or protein. 12. Inclusion Granule: Beside the nucleoplasm, there are inclusion granules (tubes).

11. REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA 1. Asexual / Cell Divion : Bacterias divide in equal part and than they are distributed in two parts called daughter cells. 2. Sexual/Fission Reproduction: (By three methods) i. Conjugation Sexual Reproduction ii. Transduction Sexual Reproduction iii.Transformation Sexual Reproduction

12. ROUTES OF BACTERIA ENTERY (IN HUMAN BODY) 1. Nose: (Inhalation) As T.B, Diphtheria etc. 2. Mouth: (Ingestion) As Typhoid, cholera etc. 3. Skin: As direct or indirect contacts by clothes as skin bacterial infection. 4. Blood: by wound As Tetanus, T.B Meningitis etc. 5. Semen: by sexual contact As Gonohorrea,  Syphilis etc.

13. METHODS OF DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA: 1. By Dry Heating Methods e.g. Fire, Hot objectives. 2. By Moist Heating Method e.g. Autoclave. 3. By Boiling Method e.g Pasteurization above 62 °C or 72 °C temperature. 4. By Chemical Method e.g Soap, Dettol, Sulphar,Antibiotics. 5. By Radiation Method by Irradiation Rays Physical Method. 6. By Filtration Method by separating the bacteria, which is unsatisfactory method.

14. SOME DISEASES OF BACTERIA 1. Typhoid fever: By Salmonella Typhi Bacteria. 2. Tuberculosis: By myco bacterium tubercle baccillus bacteria. 3. Cholera: By Vibro cholera bacteria. 4. Gonorrhoea: By Gono coccus bacteria. 5. Symphillis: By Neisseria coccus bacteria / Treponema Pallidum Bacteria. 6. Pneumonia: By Pneumo coccus bacteria. 7. Dysentry: By Shigilla bacilli bacteria. (& Amoebia ,protozoa also). 8. Osteomyelitis: By Staphylo coccus bacteria. 9.Rheumatic fever: By Pneumo coccus bacteria. 10. Rheumatic arthritis: By Gono coccus bacteria.

15. 11. Tonsilitis: By Strepto cocci bacteria. 12. Whooping Cough: by Bordetella Pertusis Bacteria. 13. Plage: By Versinia pestis Bacteria. 14. Diphtheria: By Coryne Bacterium Diphtheriae Bacteria. 15. Tetanus: By Clostridium Tetani Bacteria. 16. Gas Gangren: By Clostridium Perfringens Bacteria.

16. FUNCTIONS/CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA 1. Agricultural use: Bacterias convert the protein of dead bodies of plants & animal into nitrates and then these nitrates are absorbed and utilized by the green plants. All the bacterias organisms are not harmfull but many kinds of bacteria organisms are helpful or useful for agriculture, alcohol & fermentation . 2 Alcohol: The juices of grapes are converted into wine by the presence of yeast fungi on the skin of the fruit and by the bacteria wine convert into vinegar. The juices produce enzymes that change the sugar alcohol and carbon dioxide. Bacterias are helpful in preparing the alcohol from Sugar, cheese form butter, curd (yogurt) from milk, leather from animal.

17. 4. Fermentation: Is the process by which carbohydrates milk change into curd (yogurt), cream and cheese. 5. Cause of Disease: Some bacterias are harmful such as when bacterias enter into the body and produce diseases. 6. Food for Bacteria: As Nutrient (6 components of food) as Carbohydrate, Protein, Vitamins, Fats, Minerals and water. 7. Gases used by bacteria: as Oxygen for aerobes, Carbon di oxide for Anaerobes and Nitrogen used by large group of soil bacteria for their growth. 8. Lack of food & water: Cause the death of bacteria. 9. Temperature: 20 to 45 C is the suitable temperature for growth and living of bacterias. 10. pH Reaction: Slight alkaline reaction is the best for growth of bacteria and Acid reaction is best for many fungi & some growth on near to neutral pH level as 7, 11. Reproduction: Bacteria can be reproduced by sexual & asexual methods. 12. Life: Bacterias can live for 20 to 30 minutes for their reproduction. 13. Pioneer: Bacterias are pioneer of the cellular organization & unicellular organization. 14. Heterotrophic: Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria (Hot seasons) from animal, plants (as dead or alive ). • 15 . Normal flora: Bacteria of alimentary canal in animals help in digestion as Normal flora.

18. VIRUS virus is a minute living organism which can't be seen with ordinary microscope but only seen with compound & electron microscopes. virus is a latin language word, which means poison. virus is a parasite, which depends on nutrients inside the cell for its metabolic and replication reproductive needs. virus is the smallest in size than all other organisms. virus completely in-active (non-living) outside the host cells but completely living inside of the host cell.

19. Some definitions of concerned terms 1 viral : means condition caused by viruses . 2. virlogy : means study of virus and viral disease. . 3.viraemia : means presence of virus in the blood. 4.virucide : drugs/ chemical against the virus. 5 virucidal : means process of destroying the virus. 6 bacteriophage : a virus which only infects bacteria. 7 virulence : power of micro organism to produce poison (toxin).

20. SIZE OF VIRUS: The size of virus is too much small as 20 to 250 nm ( Neno meter) ROUTES OF VIRUS ENTERY (IN HUMAN BODY) Nose (Inhalation): As Common cold, Influenza, Measles etc. Mouth (Ingestion): As Poliomyelitis, Mumps etc. Skin Contacts: As Herpes Simplex Virus, Herpes Zoster Virus. . Blood : (Wound) As Hepatitis-B, AIDS Disease. . Sexual Contacts: By semin as AIDS.

21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIRUS AND BACTERIA VIRUS 1 . Size is 20 to 300 nm. 2 . DNA & RNA both never present in Virus cell. 3 No living on ordinary media (Non-living media ). 4, Virus reproduction is by Intra cellular Replication inside of host (Imitate Reproduction). 5 . Binary fission (Asexual reproduction) is absent in virus , 6. Virus is not sensitive to any Antibiotics but they are sensitive to Antiviral. BACTERIA 1 . Size is 0.3 to 14.0 micro meters 2. DNA and RNA both are present in Bacteria cell. 3 . No living on ordinary 3, Living on ordinary media & non-living media also , 4 . Bacteria reproduction is not Intra-cellular replication but it founds in some types of bacteria as in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5 . Binary fission (Asexual reproduction Occurs in bacteria . 6. Bacteria are sensitive to antibiotics

22. DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUS 01 . Common cold due to Rhino Virus 02 Influenza due to Influenza Virus 03 . Gastro Entritis due to Rota Virus . 04. Infective Hepatitis-B due Hepatitis-B Virus 05 . AIDS due to HIV 06 . Mumps due to Mumps Virus 07 . Measles Morbilli due to Measles Virus 08 . Herpes Simplex Virus Skin disease (due to H.S.V) 09 . Rabies (dog bite) due to Rabies Virus

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