bacterial classification.pptx

Bergey’s manual of bacteriology is the standard reference book which deals with the classification and identification of bacteria.
The classification of bacteria given in the first edition of the manual published in 1923 and was mainly based on phenotypic characterization.
But as now important information board added as the result of researchers at biochemical and Molecular level the composition and arrangement of higher taxonomic group that is order families, have changed substntially successive edition

1. Bacterial classification (BERGEY’S MANUAL) By Miss Iram

2. Bacterial classification Bergey’s manual of bacteriology is the standard reference book which deals with the classification and identification of bacteria. The classification of bacteria given in the first edition of the manual published in 1923 and was mainly based on phenotypic characterization. But as now important information board added as the result of researchers at biochemical and Molecular level the composition and arrangement of higher taxonomic group that is order families, have changed subst ntially successive edition

3. First published in 1923 by  David Hendricks Bergey , it is used to classify bacteria based on their structural and functional attributes by arranging them into specific familial orders. However, this process has become more  empirical  in recent years. [ Bacteria have been distinguished from other microorganism on the basis of their typical prokaryotic structure and they have being placed in a separate Kingdom prokaryote . Further treatment of this Kingdom was based on cellular characteristics rather than organism properties. Prokaryotic Kingdom was divided into two division bacteria and cyanobacteria

4. Bergey’s Classification And outline of bacteria classification as adopted in the latest edition of Bergey’s manual in 1974 is as follows :. it is divided into 2 Division cyanobacteria and Bacteria

5. Division 1 cyanobacteria They are photosynthetic prokaryotes and their photosynthetic process is similar to the that of higher plant . The photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll and phycobilin protei n. The bacteria usually occur as simple or branch ed chain of cells. T hey reproduced by binary fission or fragmentation

6. Division 2 bacteria They are unicellular or occasionally so simple arrangement. They are characterized by the presence of a rigid cell wall of peptidoglycan. Their photosynthetic process is anaerobic, the electron donor is a substance other than the water. Their photosynthetic pigment are bacteriochlorophyll.

7. Basis of bacteria classification The division bacteria has been for the divided into 19 group on the basis of their photosynthetic ability , types of movement , response to gram stain and etc .

8. Group1 Phototrophic bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria has bacteriochlorophyll Aquatic environments Mobile and non motile Group 2 Gliding bacteria Produce slime for gliding movement and are brightly colored Soil decomposing plant and aquatic environment Motile Group3 Sheathed Bacteria Rod shaped and has sheath made up of insoluble iron and magnese Aquatic Environments and sludge Motile and non motile Group 4 Budding /Appendage Bacteria Filamentous outgrowth called prostecha and hold fast for attachment Soil and Aquatic Environments Multiply by budding and fission Non motile

9. Group5 Spirochaetes Slender and helically coiled about 3 -500 ųm Saprophyte and parasite Motile and multiply by transverse fission Group 6 Spiral and Curved Bacteria Helically coiled as Spirochates and has rigid cell wall Free living ,Saprophyte and parasitic also Motile and Gram negative Group 7 Gram Negative Aerobic Rod & Coci Gram negative bacteria like but differ in metabolism of Nitrogen and Carbon Compounds Aquatic Environments and terrestrial and are pathogenic Group8 Gram Negative facultative Aerobic Rod They are similar in morphology but differ in in biochemical and physiological and serology. Occur in all type of environments and are pathogenic to human Motile and non motile

10. Group 9 Gram Negative Anaerobic Bacteria Obligatory anaerobe and are pleiomorphic It occur in oral cavity ,intestines and faeces and are pathogenic to humans Motile Group 10 Gram negative cocci and coccobacilli They have limited ability to breakdown carbohydrates and protein Occur in mucus membranes of human Non motile Group 11 Gram negative Anaerobic Cocci They are spherical in shape and occur in pair masses or in chain They occur in respiratory and intestinal tract of human and animal but are not pathogenic Non motile Group 12 Gram Negative che molithotrophic bacteria Autotrophic bacteria and rod like , spherical or spiral Aquatic environment and soil and a non pathogenic Motile

11. Group 13 M ethanogen They produce Methane under an aerobic condition Aquatic as well as terrestrial Some are gram positive and some are Gram Negative Group 14 G ram positive Cocci The occur singly , in pair , in cluster & in chain Soil , freshwater and mucus membrane of warm blooded animal pathogenic or saprophytic Non-motile Group 15 E ndospore rods and Cocci They produce endospore in unfavourable condition Pathogenic and causes infection to human and animal Non-motile in endospermic form Group 16 gram positive They are sporogeneous Road shape bacteria and are Inorbit They occur in milk and Milk products and are known pathogenic and occur in oral cavity , intestine and vagina of human and animal Non motile

12. Group 17 Actinomycetes They are pleomorphic gram positive and aerobic and anaerobic They are pathogenic to human and animal Non-motile Group 18 ricketsia They are very smaller bacteria and a Gram Negative They are obligate parasite and causes several disease in human andAnimal Non motile Group 19 Mycoplasm They like a true cell wall and are enclosed by a rigid cell wall and a re Gram Negative They occur in respiratory tract and lower genetilia of mammals and birds Non motile

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