Bai giang menh de quan he rut gon phan 1.pptx

Reduced Relative clauses

1. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Mệnh đề quan hệ giản lược (Rút gọn)

2. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES When a defining relative clause has a continuous or passive verb form, we can leave out who, that, which and the auxiliary Everyone (who is) living in the area complains about the noise. The first novel (that was) written by Doris Lessing is The Grass Is Singing

3. -ing REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE It is used with verbs with an active meaning : present or past, but which convey a “ continuous/progressive ” idea. The woman wearing the funny yellow hat is my cousin Jane. (replaces  who is wearing ) IT CANNOT BE USED: If there is a Noun in between. The book I am reading is really good The verb refers to a completed action. The car which crashed last night is my brother’s.

4. The present participle can replace any active tense, not just the present continuous tense: Lorries that come over the bridge have to be careful of the wind. Lorries coming over the bridge have to be careful of the wind.  Who was the girl who was wearing the red dress?. Who was the girl wearing the red dress?

5. -ed REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE It is used insted of a passive verb. Food  sold  (= which is sold)  in this supermarket  is of the highest quality. IT CANNOT BE USED: If there is a Noun in between. The speed at which decisions are made is remarkable. If the relative clause includes a modal (Except for “will”) I believe you are among the people who might be chosen.

6. We read the email that had been sent by the manager We read the email sent by the manager This vase made in China in the 14th century is very valuable. This vase which was made in China in the 14th century is very valuable The poem that is being read by the actor was written by my brother. The poem being read by the actor was written by my brother.

7. -ING reduced relative clause The woman  wearing  yellow hat is my cousin Jane ACTIVE permanent or in progress actions Any tense : present, past or future NOT USED : For completed actions If there is a Noun in between -ed reduced relative clause Food  sold   in this supermarket  is of the highest quality. PASSIVE NOT USED : With modals If there is a Noun in between

8. We will look first at problems arising during the field­work, before describing the nature of Easton and its police station .  After all, hundreds of fundamental revolutions involving the whole and  almost completely illiterate populace of countries have taken place in the history of civilization .  (which involved ) The survivors swimming from the wreckage were soon rescued. (who were swimming ) (that have arisen)

9. A database containing  information relating to bibliographic  references and abstracts will be a literary work . (that contains) The elephant rescued by the volunteers can eventually be released  back into the wild.  (which was rescued) All those who do not need to buy tickets please go straight in. (not needing)

10. The issue being discussed at all faculties now is the University budget. ( which is being discussed) The woman who was frightened by the noise burst into screams . The frightened woman burst into screams. She couldn’t work out the questions which were confusing. She couldn’t work out confusing questions.