Baisc of Grammar for Daily Practice PPTX

8 Parts of Speech

1. https ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9fCKTwytJA

2. 1. NOUN A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. man Westin College house happiness sea animal Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter ; common nouns do not . Nouns can be singular or plural , concrete or abstract . Nouns show possession by adding 's . Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition .

3. Types Nouns as parts of speech: • Proper Noun : It refers to specific entities. It can be the name of specific person, place or thing. Example – Hanoi, Vietnam • Common Noun : Common nouns refer to general & unspecific categories of entities. They can be the name of common things or class of objects. Example - men, chair, girls . • Collective Noun: They are nouns that refer to a group of something in a specific manner or the collection of some persons or things and represented as a singular noun. Example - jury, herd, flock . • Abstract Noun: Denotes something that cannot be seen, touched, etc. and signifies a quality. More ethereal, theoretical concepts use abstract nouns to refer to them. Example - manners, promise, fear, energy, love . • Materialistic Noun: Material nouns refer to materials or substances from which things are made. Example - cotton, rice, paper

4. Count / Non-Count (Mass) Nouns This is the classification according to whether a noun can be counted or not. Count nouns are countable. cat tree Dr. Adams book nut bean Mass nouns name undifferentiated mass, things that are not usually considered countable.. water milk grass sand news money Non-count nouns are usually singular and quantified by quantifiers such as much, more, less, some ... some sugar less water little butter Abstract/Concrete/Collective Nouns Abstract nouns name ideas, thoughts, emotions . love, peace, honor Concrete nouns name physical objects that have a mass . ball, tree, glass Collective nouns refer to a group of people or entities. herd, bunch, army, family, tribe

5. 2. PRONOUN A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. she we they it him us s ister A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are further defined by type: personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things ; possessive pronouns indicate ownership ; reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun; relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause ; and demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns .

6. Personal Pronouns I, you, he... my, your, his... mine, yours, his... See personal pronouns details Reflexive Pronouns Myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, itself. See reflexive pronouns details Relative Pronouns Who, whom, whomever, whose, which, that, why, when

7. Demonstrative Pronouns Also known as pointing pronouns, are used to indicate which thing you are talking about. The pointing pronouns are this, these, that, those. Use this or these (plural) to point the objects near the speaker. Use that or those (plural) to point the objects far from the speaker. Example: I want to buy this and those over there.(pointing pronoun, stands in for what the speaker is pointing to) You should taste those, they are really good.(pointing pronoun) Warning: A pronoun replaces a noun, or else it is an adjective. You should taste those apples. (adjective, modifying apples) That man looks suspicious. (adjective, modifying the man)

8. 3. VERB A verb identifies an action or state of being. jump is write dance are read There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. ("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb .) Verbs have different types and tenses (Past, Present and Future tenses) and they must agree with their subjects in numbers (singular or plural)to form a correct sentence.

9. 4 . ADJECTIVE An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. pretty old blue smart fat An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as adjectives.)

10. 5. ADVERB An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. gently extremely carefully well expensive An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often end in - ly .

11. 6. PREPOSITION A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence. close to out of with about until apart from ( by the tree, with our friends, about the book, until tomorrow) Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an adjective or as an adverb. The following list includes the most common prepositions:

12. 8. INTERJECTION An interjection is a word used to express emotion. Oh! Whoops! Wow! Ouchs ! An interjection is a word used to express emotion . It is often followed by an exclamation point .

13. DIAGNOSTIC TEST 1 PARTS OF SPEECH For each underlined word/words in the following sentences, identify the part of speech. n oun adverb pronoun preposition verb conjunction adjective interjection 1. They attended the concer t last weekend. 2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage . 3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly . 4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet. 5. My friends and I walked home afterschool. 6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch yesterday . 7. She was counting the ballots during social studies class. 8. Hey ! That is my seat. 9. Will they finish the test on time? 10. The diagram was pretty complicated for us . 11. He will practice his musical piece soon. 12. Reggie saw the awesome sight from the air. 13. Her sister is the oldest member of the group. 14. Check the score , Tom. 15. Will the students be able to find the answer by themselves ? 16. Are you sure of yourself ? 17. They slowly carried the couch down the stairs. 18. Can you see beyond the hills from the top of the tower ? 19. Hurray ! Our team has finally scored a touchdown. 20. The troop had been scattered throughout the woods .

14. ARTICLES an ARTICLE is a word that combines with a noun. Articles are actually adjectives because they describe the nouns that they precede. In English, there are only three articles: the, a, and an . However, the three are not interchangeable; rather, they are used in specific instances. THE INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES USING INDEFINITE ARTICLE – A A is used in front of singular countable nouns ( a person, animal or thing ) which are not specific. We don’t use a before uncountable or plural nouns. If a noun starts with a consonant sound (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, etc.), “a” comes before the noun. Examples: a dog a chicken a boy a teacher a girl a lesson a website a frog a plane

15. USING INDEFINITE ARTICLE – AN An is used in front of singular countable nouns which are not specific. We don’t use a before uncountable or plural nouns . If the noun starts with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u), “an” comes before the noun. Examples: an umbrella an owl an apple an image an hour an enemy an author an army USING DEFINITE ARTICLE – THE We use ‘the’ in front of all nouns ( It does not matter whether the nouns are singular, plural countable or uncountable ) to describe someone or something specific or unique . Examples: the Moon the world the Sun the atmosphere the rain the South the West the North

16. Here are some examples using the a , an and the Articles. Please give the dog the bone / a cookie (The noun cookie starts with a consonant sound, so a must be used.) Please give the dog a delicious cookie . (Our editing professionals have put the adjective delicious in front of cookie, but as you can see, delicious still starts with a consonant sound, so a must still be used.) That's an old car. (In this case, the word after the article is old, which starts with a vowel sound. Sarah bought a book yesterday. She read the first three pages when she got home and decided to return the book because it was boring.

17. Let’s have a quick review

18. Identify the following Parts of Speech names a person, place, thing, or idea modifies a noun or a pronoun modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence expresses an action or a state of being joins words or groups of words

19. Quiz On The 8 Parts Of The Speech 1 . What part of speech describes a verb, adjective, or adverb and answers when? where? how? and to what extent? A. Verb B. Adjective C. Adverb D. Preposition E. Noun 2. What part of speech connects words or groups of words? Examples are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so? A. Preposition B. Adverb C. Interjection D. Conjunction E. Pronoun 3. What part of speech describes a noun or pronoun and answers the questions which one(s)? how many/much? or what kind(s)? A. Verb B. Adverb C. Adjective D. Preposition E. Noun 4. Which part of speech expresses a mild or sudden burst of emotion? Examples are wow! A. Adverb B. Noun C. Interjection D. Preposition E. Adjective 5. Which part of speech describes the distance/placement/proximity of one word and another word in a sentence? Examples are on, too, behind, with... A. Adverb B. Preposition C. Interjection D. Noun E. Conjunction

20. 6 . Which word must be able to be switched with the word "because" for it to be a conjunction? (otherwise, it's a preposition) A . But B . Or C . Because D . For E . Yet 7. (She, Her) and Sara went to the store. Which is the correct pronoun to use? A. She B. Her 8. I went camping with John and (he, him). A. Him B. He 9 . Mild interjections are followed by what kind of punctuation? A. Exclamation point B. Semicolon C. Comma D. Period E. Colon 10. Interjections that express a sudden burst of emotion are followed by what kind of punctuation? A. Comma B. Semicolon C. Colon D. Exclamation point E. Period 11. What are the four questions that adverbs can answer? A. Who? when? where? why? B. When? where? how? Why C. When? where? to what extent/degree? what? D. To what extent/degree? when? where? how? E. When? where? to what extent/degree? why ? 12. What are the three questions that adjectives can answer? A. Who? what? when? where? B. Who? what kind? to what extent/degree? C. Which one? what kind? to what extent/degree D. Which one? what kind? how many? E. Which one? how many? why?

21. Identify the word Sal and Andy wrote a silly play that had us all laughing. (verb) Sal and Andy wrote a silly play that had us all laughing. (adjective) The magician performed one amazing trick after another. (noun) The magician performed one amazing trick after another. (adjective) People dressed in layers on the chilly January day. (adjective) People dressed in layers on the chilly January day. (noun, a collective noun) Construction workers were soaked with sweat. (verb) Construction workers were soaked with sweat. (noun) Be sure to buckle your seat belt before the plane takes off. (verb) Be sure to buckle your seat belt before the plane takes off. (noun) Stan prepared as a violent storm approached the coast. (verb) Stan prepared as a violent storm approached the coast. (adjective) The car’s headlights were too bright. (noun) The car’s headlights were too bright. (adjective) Many people thought the new law was unfair. (verb) Many people thought the new law was unfair. (adjective) The warm woolly blanket helped keep Gene warm. (adjective) The warm woolly blanket helped keep Gene warm. (adjective) Historians say that the Titanic sank when it hit a massive iceberg. (adjective) Historians say that the Titanic sank when it hit a massive iceberg. (noun) Workers gave the park bench a fresh coat of paint. (adjective) Workers gave the park bench a fresh coat of paint. (verb) The pilot could not take off in the thick fog. (noun) The pilot could not take off in the thick fog. (adjective) When I have a problem, my grandmother always gives the best advice. (verb) When I have a problem, my grandmother always gives the best advice. (adjective)