Ballast Water Management Convention.pptx

Ballast Water Management Convention Motes For DNS 2nd Sem

1. BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT CONVENTION

2. WHY THE CONVENTION Since the introduction of steel-hulled vessels, water has been used as ballast to stabilize vessels at sea. Ballast water is pumped in to maintain safe operating conditions throughout a voyage. This practice reduces stress on the hull, provides transverse stability, improves propulsion and manoeuvrability , and compensates for weight changes in various cargo load levels and due to fuel and water consumption.​ While ballast water is essential for safe and efficient modern shipping operations, it may pose serious ecological, economic and health problems due to the multitude of marine species carried in ships’ ballast water. These include bacteria, microbes, small invertebrates, eggs, cysts and larvae of various species. The transferred species may survive to establish a reproductive population in the host environment, becoming invasive, out-competing native species and multiplying into pest proportions . At a global scale, shipping is estimated to transfer three to five billion tonnes of ballast water annually

3. The first scientifically recogniZed occurrence of a non-indigenous marine species being transported in ships water occurred in the North Sea in 1903, with the Asian phytoplankton Odontella appearing.

4. THE CONVENTION After more than 14 years of complex negotiations between IMO Member States , the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) was adopted by consensus at a Diplomatic Conference held at IMO Headquarters in London on 13 February 2004 . The BWM Convention entered into force on 8 September 2017.

5. REQUIREMENTS BY BWM An ballast water management plan - specific to each ship, the ballast water management plan includes a detailed description of the actions to be taken to implement the ballast water management requirements and supplemental ballast water management practices; A ballast water record book - to record when ballast water is taken on board; circulated or treated for ballast water management purposes; and discharged into the sea. It should also record when ballast water is discharged to a reception facility and accidental or other exceptional discharges of ballast water; and An International Ballast Water Management Certificate - (ships of 400 gt and above) – this is issued by or on behalf of the Administration (flag State) and certifies that the ship carries out ballast water management in accordance with the BWM Convention and specifies which standard the ship is complying with, as well as the date of expiry of the Certificate.

6. Appropriate standards for ballast water management The ballast water exchange standard: Ships performing ballast water exchange shall do so with an efficiency of 95 per cent volumetric exchange of ballast water. ( D1 compliance) The ballast water performance standard: ships using a ballast water management system (BWMS) shall meet a performance standard based on agreed numbers of organisms per unit of volume . ( D2 compliance)( 08.09.2024)

7. BALLAST EXCHANGE Methods: Sequential method Overflow method Prerequisites: While carrying out ballast exchange, distance from nearest land should be more than 200 nm and depth 200 mtrs . The exchange shall not be carried out at dark hours.

8. BALLAST EXCHANGE Sequential method Ballast tank is first emptied and then refilled with replacement ballast water to achieve at least 95% volumetric exchange Flow through or pumping through method Replacement ballast water is pumped into ballast tank allowing water to flow through overflow or other arrangements.( discontinued due to non approval by flag state /owners/class)

9. Ballast water record book All V/l shall record the location, date and time at which ballast water is taken on board. The amount of ballast taken and discharged also needs to be mentioned. If ballast exchange is being carried out, the entries need to be made in the record book. BWR book shall be maintained onboard for a period of 2 years from last date of entry,thereafter it will be kept with the company for a period of 3 years.

10. Ballast water record book BWR book shall be kept readily available for inspection at all reasonable times. Each operation concerning ballast water shall be fully recorded without delay. Each entry shall be signed by officer in charge of the operation being performed. Each completed page will be signed by the master.

11. Appropriate standards for ballast water management Discharge limits according to IMO D-2 standard Discharge limit Microbial standard Vibrio cholerae <1 CFU·100 mL −1 Escherichia coli <250 CFU·100 mL −1 Enterococci <100 CFU·100 mL −1 Size of organisms Large organisms: >50 μm in size <10 living organisms·m −3 Small organisms: >10 and ≤50 μm in size <10 living organisms·mL −1 .

12. Appropriate standards for ballast water management Commercially available treatment methods Most systems for ballast water treatment use mechanical filtration or separation and a subsequent physical or chemical secondary treatment, or a combination of both Currently , approximately 60 BWTS’s are approved and/or commercially available Most systems use UV (~48%) and electrochemical (~28%) treatment. The rest uses processes such as  ozonation , ultrasound, the addition of biocides, or deoxygenation (~24%)

13. SOLID BALLAST The primary purpose of solid ballast, typically placed in the lower part of a ship's hull or in the base of an offshore structure, is to lower the center of gravity and improve trim and stability. Without solid ballast, some maritime structures would be top-heavy and unstable, making the vessel more prone to capsizing or rolling over in extreme weather conditions. Solid ballast also helps to reduce the sway of a ship or offshore structure in the water, making it safer and more comfortable for crew members and passengers on board. Additionally, it can increase load capacity, allowing the Maritime structures to safely carry more weight. Solid ballast is often preferred over liquid ballast because it does not shift around in the hull or structure base .