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We are very familiar with the concept of getting raw materials, bringing them together in an organized way and then putting them together into a recognizable form.

This is our role in society and we have performed it well for hundreds or thousands of years. So we can say construction is definitely not a new science or technology and yet it has undergone great changes over its history.

In the same vein, nanotechnology is not a new science and it is not a new technology either. It is rather an extension of the sciences and technologies that have already been in development for many years

1. BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL HIDA FATHIMA . K CS5A 2201012438 HIDA FATHIMA 1

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3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GENERAL USES LITERATURE REVIEW SECTION OF BAMBOO SPECIES BAMBOO SIZES METHODOLOGY PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO WORKING OF BAMBOO USES OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE BAMBOO FIBRES REINFORCED CONCRETE TRADIATIONAL & MODERN USES PRESERVATION OF BAMBOO BAMBOO RESOURCES IN INDIA EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES CASE STUDIES CONCLUSION HIDA FATHIMA 3

4. INTRODUCTION Bamboo is a widely used building material in tropical and sub-tropical regions It is renewable, lightweight and strong, making it ideal for various construction purposes, especially in rural areas . It is estimated that there are 1200 species growing in about 14.5 million hectares area It is the world’s fastest growing woody plant, with some species capable of growing up to 1.2 metres in 24 hours It has been used successfully to rehabilitate soil ravage by brick making in india Its enomous elasticity makes it a very useful building material in areas with very high risk of earthquakes . HIDA FATHIMA 4

5. GENERAL USES Removing atmospheric carbon Soil stabilization Paper and pulp industry Fuel source. Medicine. The shoots are edible Building and construction. Small scale and cottage industries,for handicrafts and other products. New generation products as wood substitutes Industrial products HIDA FATHIMA 5

6. LITERATURE REVIEW BY- suresh Bhalla et. All (international organization of environmental research ,Goa 18-20 Dec 2008) – BAMBOO AS GREEN ALTERNATIVE TO CONCRETE AND STEEL FOR MODERN STRUCTURES “ Despite of the long traditional of building with the bamboo , the material is not used frequently in modern building construction, bamboo can be a perfect alternative for steel In the present and the future ,as it possesses all the required mechanical properties , and perfectively replaced steel, depending on the situations and the applications . TJERK Reijenga “Role of bamboo in green building design” In this project we are comparing steel reinforcement with bamboo reinforcement replacement of steel with bamboo while reinforcing . HIDA FATHIMA 6

7. SELECTION OF BAMBOO SPECIES It should be available In large quantity from near by plantation . Transportation should be economic . It have good engineering properties . HIDA FATHIMA 7

8. BAMBOO SIZES Bamboo sizes are generally specified by minimum diameter , wall thickness , and length . Column 80-100mm dia , wall thickness 10-12mm dia . Bamboo strips for infill panels – 18-20mm wide , 8-10mm thick. HIDA FATHIMA 8 Fig 1.0

9. METHODOLOGY HIDA FATHIMA 9 SELECTION OF MATERIAL TEST PERFORMED FINALISING MIX DESIGN PROPORTION CASTING OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS CHECKING AND CALCULATION OF STRENGTH COMPARISON

10. PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO Tensile strength Compressive strength Elastic modulus Shrinkage Fire resistance HIDA FATHIMA 10

11. Tensile strength - Bamboo’s fibres can endure tension up to 40 N/mm2 Compressive strength - Slimmer bamboo tubes exhibit higher compressive strength compared to larger ones due to their cross – sectional design Elastic modulus - Bamboo’s strong fibres contribute to its high elastic modulus making it a quality material Shrinkage - Bamboo shrinks significantly when loosing water , requiring preventive measures during construction . Fire resistance - Bamboo’s high silicate acid content makes it highly fire – resistant HIDA FATHIMA 11

12. Properties of bamboo KN /cm2 BAMBOO Elastic modulus 2000 Compresive strength 6.2-9.3 Tensile strength 14.8 Bending strength 7.26-27.6 Shear strength 2.0 HIDA FATHIMA 12

13. WORKING OF BAMBOO Splitting : Bamboo can be easily split into halves or quarters along its length using sharp tools, although this process wears down tools quickly due to its tough outer layer rich in silica . Shaping : Bamboo which grows in a box gets a square shape . So it can be better used for connections . bending : Freshly cut bamboo can be bent and will retain its shape when cooled after being heated above 150 degree Celsius . HIDA FATHIMA 13

14. SPLITTING SHAPING BENDING Fig 2.0 Fig 3.0 Fig 4 .0 HIDA FATHIMA 14

15. USES OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION Bamboo footings Bamboo poles driven into the ground for foundation . Pre-treated for protection against rot and fungi Bamboo trusses High strength/weight ratio , suitable for roof framing . Ideal for spanning larger distances in public utility buildings. Fig 5.0 Fig 6.0 HIDA FATHIMA 15

16. Bamboo wall Bamboo walls are constructed by nailing a thin bamboo mat to either sides of braced timber frame Fig 7.1 Fig 7. 2 HIDA FATHIMA 16

17. Bamboo Scaffolding Used for scaffolding due to their resilient nature , shaping and strength . Bamboo Tile Roofing Involves splitting culms into halves, with interlocking layers that can create a watertight roof. The minimum roof pitch should be 30 degree for effective drainage . Fig 8.0 Fig 9.0 HIDA FATHIMA 17

18. BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE Comparison of bamboo and steel The strength of bamboo is greater than steel Bamboo is easily accessible Bamboo lowers the cost of construction . Bamboo can crack and deflect more than steel reinforcement Fig 10.0 HIDA FATHIMA 18

19. BAMBOO FIBERS REINFORCED CONCRETE The threat to environment, the future sustainability of natural reservoirs and the towering prices of raw materials for engineering and standard plastics have forced to use natural reparable materials for development and fabrication of polymer composites Bamboo is a multipurpose reserve categorized by large ratio of strength to weight and its ease of work with simple tools bamboo fibers were mixed in concrete. By using digital microscope, it can be seen the fiber structure in concrete HIDA FATHIMA 19 Fig 11.1 Fig 11.2 Fig 11.3

20. HIDA FATHIMA 20 START Preparation of material Preparation of the specimen that mixture with bamboo fibre Conducting test compressive test. Splitting tensile test and flexural test Analysis data and discuss about the effectiveness of bamboo fibre and compare with plain concrete END FLOW CHART

21. Traditional Uses Modern Uses Bamboo house , shade house , Construction frame , door window Frames . Bridges , fencing , ladder , scaffolding Partition walls etc … Getting water through bamboo’s to the construction site . Composites or wood substitutes ( bamboo mat ) board , flattened bamboo boards , bamboo jute composites , bamboo flooring , plywood , particle board , fibre board. Prefabricated houses Bamboo flooring HIDA FATHIMA 21

22. HIDA FATHIMA 22 Fig 12.0

23. Transformation from traditional houses to modern houses made up of Bamboo through technological advancement HIDA FATHIMA 23 Fig 13.0

24. PRESERVATION OF BAMBOO Non chemical or traditional methods Smoking : Bamboo culms are placed above fireplaces inside the house so that the smoke and heat rises up and both dry and blacken the culms . This is considered an effective treatment against insect and fungi but aesthetically bad . White washing : Bamboo culms and bamboo mats for housing construction are often painted with slaked lime. Plastering is also a common practice using cow dung mixed with either lime . Curing : Curing involves harvested culms, with branches and leaves intact, in open air. HIDA FATHIMA 24

25. Chemical Method borax- boric acid treatment The center of bamboo is drilled through the whole length Bamboo is soaked in boric acid solution for 2 days for effective penetration. Bamboo is stacked vertically to drain the solution to reuse it . After that it is left to dry Fig 14.1 Fig 14.2 Fig 14.3 Fig 14.4 HIDA FATHIMA 25

26. BAMBOO RESOURCES IN INDIA HIDA FATHIMA 26

27. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE Bamboo is a perfect material for earthquakes. It is lightweight, and the hollow form gives much stiffness . Bamboo is flexible due to its tensile strength,it ’s fibrous morphology and ,make it resistant to lateral shocks from earthquakes. Bamboo structures cab survive earthquake if they are designed,constructed and maintained well High residual strength to absorb shocks and impact . Prototype house built with bamboo sheet roofing and bamboo-reinforced concrete walls withstood a simulated earthquake measuring 7.8 on the richter scale . Bamboo’s bi-composition of lignin and vascular bandles acts to dampen vibrations . HIDA FATHIMA 27

28. ADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO Bamboo is low weight material to be used for construction It is very flexible plant Fast growing Usage of bamboo will reduce deforestation It can be transported and worked easily Environmental friendly Accessible to the poor Resistant to earthquakes HIDA FATHIMA 28

29. DISADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO If not treated well it will get attacked by the fungi Shaped by nature Untreated bamboo structures are viewed as temporary with an expected life of not more than 5years . Bamboo’s stickly layer makes painting difficult . Lack of design guidance and codes . Requires preservation HIDA FATHIMA 29

30. CASE STUDIES 1. World-famous Bamboo House In Vietnam Trang Bang Bamboo House-tray Ninh Province . The house was built from 2008 to 2010 in Trang Bang District ,Tay Ninh province ,50KM from HCM city , with an area of 2000 m2 , owned and designed by Mr , Dang Hao , The house is made of wood and bamboo . Fig 1 5 .0 HIDA FATHIMA 30

31. 2. Staff Housing for Teachers – Tribal School At Vankua , Gujarat A complete housing unit – Hall, Dining , kitchen and Bedroom with attached Toilet unit . A house of about 600 sq ft built-up Area sustainable, elegant . The structure is built with bamboo as a principal material of construction. Intergrate with material like Terracotta tiles, Mud-mortar, Cement-brick etc.. Fig 16.0 HIDA FATHIMA 31

32. 3. Bamboo bridge at pyramid valley , banglore Project – to build a foot-over bridge 160 ft long And 8 ft wide . Project site – pyramid valley international centre , Banglore Client – pyramid valley international centre . Project-team – Ar.Bharathi , Er.Bhaskar ,(managing Trustee of the centre ) Structural design support – Er.BL,Manjunath Project Time-frame – June to November 2013 Fig 17.1 Fig 17.2 HIDA FATHIMA 32

33. 4.The bamboo symphony,banglore , manasaram architects Architects : manasaram architects Location : venkateshpura , 1 st stage,HBR Layout,Bengluru,Karnataka Architect in charge : Neelam Manjunath’ Area :210.sqm Introduction : 1.Bamboo symphony is the office of manasuram architects 2.All the waste wood,bamboo,stone boulders and debris from house construction and mud were used with bamboo as the main construction and mud were used with bamboo as the main construction material in the most innovative manner Conclusion : bamboo is the only natural building material with lowest energy balance, HIDA FATHIMA 33

34. CONCLUSION Bamboo is lighter in weight than bird but is stronger than steel Fast growing It takes carbon dioxide in and releases 30 percent more oxygen than tree. Houses constructed using this bamboo are cool in summer and stays warm in winter and more over it can withstand earthquakes and can stand forever. E nvironmentally and financial affordable. Bamboo is easily available material, so it is economic material and by using it,we can reduced the cost of construction. HIDA FATHIMA 34

35. REFERENCES Manjunath , Neelam ; The bamboo house", Journal of Indian Institute of Architects: Vol 69; Issue 01:Jan 2004: pp 38 . Karamchandani , K.P., 'Role of bamboo as a construction material'; Symposium on timber and allied products; National Buildings Organization, New Delhi, 18 May 1959 . www.Wikipedia.com HIDA FATHIMA 35

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